Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Medical Systems 5/2017

01-05-2017 | Education & Training

3D Digitization and Prototyping of the Skull for Practical Use in the Teaching of Human Anatomy

Authors: Maria Teresa Ugidos Lozano, Fernando Blaya Haro, Carlos Molino Diaz, Sadia Manzoor, Gonzalo Ferrer Ugidos, Juan Antonio Juanes Mendez

Published in: Journal of Medical Systems | Issue 5/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

The creation of new rapid prototyping techniques, low cost 3D printers as well as the creation of new software for these techniques have allowed the creation of 3D models of bones making their application possible in the field of teaching anatomy in the faculties of Health Sciences. The 3D model of cranium created in the present work, at full scale, present accurate reliefs and anatomical details that are easily identifiable by undergraduate students in their use for the study of human anatomy. In this article, the process of scanning the skull and the subsequent treatment of these images with specific software until the generation of 3D model using 3D printer has been reported.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Yammine, K., and Violato, C., A meta-analysis of the educational effectiveness of three-dimensional visualization technologies in teaching anatomy. Anat. Sci. Educ. 8:525–538, 2015. doi:10.1002/ase.1510. Yammine, K., and Violato, C., A meta-analysis of the educational effectiveness of three-dimensional visualization technologies in teaching anatomy. Anat. Sci. Educ. 8:525–538, 2015. doi:10.​1002/​ase.​1510.
2.
go back to reference Khot, Z., Quinlan, K., Norman, G. R., and Wainman, B., The relative effectiveness of computer-based and traditional resources for education in anatomy. Anat. Sci. Educ. 6: 211–215, 2013. doi:10.1002/ase.1355. Khot, Z., Quinlan, K., Norman, G. R., and Wainman, B., The relative effectiveness of computer-based and traditional resources for education in anatomy. Anat. Sci. Educ. 6: 211–215, 2013. doi:10.​1002/​ase.​1355.
3.
go back to reference Cornwall, J., and Pollard, M. F., Evaluation of free i-applications for tertiary level gross anatomy education. The Australasian Medical Journal 5:239–242, 2012. doi:10.4066/AMJ.2012.1249. Cornwall, J., and Pollard, M. F., Evaluation of free i-applications for tertiary level gross anatomy education. The Australasian Medical Journal 5:239–242, 2012. doi:10.​4066/​AMJ.​2012.​1249.
4.
go back to reference Juanes, J. A., Hernández, D., Ruisoto, P., García, E., Villarrubia, G., and Prats, A., Augmented reality techniques, using mobile devices, for learning human anatomy. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (pp. 7–11). ACM: New York, NY, 2014. doi:10.1145/2669711.2669870. Juanes, J. A., Hernández, D., Ruisoto, P., García, E., Villarrubia, G., and Prats, A., Augmented reality techniques, using mobile devices, for learning human anatomy. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (pp. 7–11). ACM: New York, NY, 2014. doi:10.​1145/​2669711.​2669870.
6.
7.
go back to reference Baskaran, V., Štrkalj, G., Štrkalj, M., and Di Ieva, A., Current applications and future perspectives of the use of 3D printing in anatomical training and neurosurgery. Front. Neuroanat. 10, 2016. doi:10.3389/fnana.2016.00069. Baskaran, V., Štrkalj, G., Štrkalj, M., and Di Ieva, A., Current applications and future perspectives of the use of 3D printing in anatomical training and neurosurgery. Front. Neuroanat. 10, 2016. doi:10.​3389/​fnana.​2016.​00069.
8.
go back to reference McGurk, M., Amis, A. A., Potamianos, P., and Goodger, N. M., Rapid prototyping techniques for anatomical modelling in medicine. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 79:169–174, 1997. McGurk, M., Amis, A. A., Potamianos, P., and Goodger, N. M., Rapid prototyping techniques for anatomical modelling in medicine. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 79:169–174, 1997.
10.
go back to reference Rodríguez Ruiz, H. M., Mendoza, D. Z. U., and Gualdrón, A. J., Conocimientos, sentidos y actitudes en relación con la anatomía en estudiantes de segundo año de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 2009. Rev. Fac. Med. 58:4, 2010. Rodríguez Ruiz, H. M., Mendoza, D. Z. U., and Gualdrón, A. J., Conocimientos, sentidos y actitudes en relación con la anatomía en estudiantes de segundo año de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 2009. Rev. Fac. Med. 58:4, 2010.
11.
go back to reference Azer, S. A., and Eizenberg, N., Do we need dissection in an integrated problem-based learning medical course? Perceptions of first- and second-year students. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 29:173–180, 2007. doi.10.1007/s00276-007-0180-x. Azer, S. A., and Eizenberg, N., Do we need dissection in an integrated problem-based learning medical course? Perceptions of first- and second-year students. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 29:173–180, 2007. doi.10.​1007/​s00276-007-0180-x.
12.
go back to reference Villarroel Guerra, M., and Medina Otazo, E., Técnica Anatómica para Restaurar y/o Reproducir Piezas Óseas Humanas de Difícil Obtención, para la Investigación y Docencia Científica. Int. J. Morphol. 29:532–536, 2011. doi:10.4067/S0717-95022011000200038. Villarroel Guerra, M., and Medina Otazo, E., Técnica Anatómica para Restaurar y/o Reproducir Piezas Óseas Humanas de Difícil Obtención, para la Investigación y Docencia Científica. Int. J. Morphol. 29:532–536, 2011. doi:10.​4067/​S0717-9502201100020003​8.
13.
go back to reference Babinski, M. A., Sgrott, E. A., Luz, H. P., Brasil, F. B., Chagas, M. A., and Abidu-Figueiredo, M., LA RELACIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES CON EL CADÁVER EN EL ESTUDIO PRÁCTICO DE ANATOMÍA: LA REACCIÓN E INFLUENCIA EN EL APRENDIZAJE. Int. J. Morphol. 21:137–142, 2003. doi:10.4067/S0717-95022003000200007 Babinski, M. A., Sgrott, E. A., Luz, H. P., Brasil, F. B., Chagas, M. A., and Abidu-Figueiredo, M., LA RELACIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES CON EL CADÁVER EN EL ESTUDIO PRÁCTICO DE ANATOMÍA: LA REACCIÓN E INFLUENCIA EN EL APRENDIZAJE. Int. J. Morphol. 21:137–142, 2003. doi:10.​4067/​S0717-9502200300020000​7
15.
16.
go back to reference Petzold, R., Zeilhofer, H.-F., and Kalender, W. A., Rapid prototyping technology in medicine—basics and applications. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 23:277–284, 1999. doi:10.1016/S0895-6111(99)00025-7 Petzold, R., Zeilhofer, H.-F., and Kalender, W. A., Rapid prototyping technology in medicine—basics and applications. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 23:277–284, 1999. doi:10.​1016/​S0895-6111(99)00025-7
17.
go back to reference Petrovic, V., Gonzalez, J. V. H., Ferrando, O. J., Gordillo, J. D., Puchades, J. R. B., and Griñan, L. P., Additive layered manufacturing: Sectors of industrial application shown through case studies. Int. J. Protein Res. 49:1061–1079, 2011. doi:10.1080/00207540903479786. Petrovic, V., Gonzalez, J. V. H., Ferrando, O. J., Gordillo, J. D., Puchades, J. R. B., and Griñan, L. P., Additive layered manufacturing: Sectors of industrial application shown through case studies. Int. J. Protein Res. 49:1061–1079, 2011. doi:10.​1080/​0020754090347978​6.
19.
go back to reference Arcaute, K., Mann, B. K., and Wicker, R. B., Stereolithography of three-dimensional bioactive poly(Ethylene Glycol) constructs with encapsulated cells. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 34:1429–1441, 2006. doi:10.1007/s10439-006-9156-y. Arcaute, K., Mann, B. K., and Wicker, R. B., Stereolithography of three-dimensional bioactive poly(Ethylene Glycol) constructs with encapsulated cells. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 34:1429–1441, 2006. doi:10.​1007/​s10439-006-9156-y.
20.
go back to reference Cohen, A., Laviv, A., Berman, P., Nashef, R., and Abu-Tair, J., Mandibular reconstruction using stereolithographic 3-dimensional printing modeling technology. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 108:661–666, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.023 Cohen, A., Laviv, A., Berman, P., Nashef, R., and Abu-Tair, J., Mandibular reconstruction using stereolithographic 3-dimensional printing modeling technology. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 108:661–666, 2009. doi:10.​1016/​j.​tripleo.​2009.​05.​023
22.
go back to reference Kondo, K., Nemoto, M., Masuda, H., Okonogi, S., Nomoto, J., Harada, N., Miyazaki, C., Anatomical reproducibility of a head model molded by a three-dimensional printer. Neurol. Med. Chir. 55:592–598, 2015. doi:10.2176/nmc.oa.2014-0436 Kondo, K., Nemoto, M., Masuda, H., Okonogi, S., Nomoto, J., Harada, N., Miyazaki, C., Anatomical reproducibility of a head model molded by a three-dimensional printer. Neurol. Med. Chir. 55:592–598, 2015. doi:10.​2176/​nmc.​oa.​2014-0436
24.
go back to reference Jose, R. R., Rodriguez, M. J., Dixon, T. A., Omenetto, F., and Kaplan, D. L., Evolution of bioinks and additive manufacturing technologies for 3D bioprinting. ACS Biomater Sci. Eng., 2016 doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00088. Jose, R. R., Rodriguez, M. J., Dixon, T. A., Omenetto, F., and Kaplan, D. L., Evolution of bioinks and additive manufacturing technologies for 3D bioprinting. ACS Biomater Sci. Eng., 2016 doi:10.​1021/​acsbiomaterials.​6b00088.
26.
go back to reference Wu, W., Zheng, Q., Guo, X., and Huang, W., The controlled-releasing drug implant based on the three dimensional printing technology: Fabrication and properties of drug releasing in vivo. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 24:977, 2009. doi:10.1007/s11595-009-6977-1. Wu, W., Zheng, Q., Guo, X., and Huang, W., The controlled-releasing drug implant based on the three dimensional printing technology: Fabrication and properties of drug releasing in vivo. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 24:977, 2009. doi:10.​1007/​s11595-009-6977-1.
28.
go back to reference Seitz, H., Rieder, W., Irsen, S., Leukers, B., and Tille, C., Three-dimensional printing of porous ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater. 74B:782–788, 2005. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.30291. Seitz, H., Rieder, W., Irsen, S., Leukers, B., and Tille, C., Three-dimensional printing of porous ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater. 74B:782–788, 2005. doi:10.​1002/​jbm.​b.​30291.
29.
go back to reference Sherwood, J. K., Riley, S. L., Palazzolo, R., Brown, S. C., Monkhouse, D. C., Coates, M., … Ratcliffe, A., A three-dimensional osteochondral composite scaffold for articular cartilage repair. Biomaterials 23:4739–4751, 2002. doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00223-5 Sherwood, J. K., Riley, S. L., Palazzolo, R., Brown, S. C., Monkhouse, D. C., Coates, M., … Ratcliffe, A., A three-dimensional osteochondral composite scaffold for articular cartilage repair. Biomaterials 23:4739–4751, 2002. doi:10.​1016/​S0142-9612(02)00223-5
30.
go back to reference Santos, C. F. L., Silva, A. P., Lopes, L., Pires, I., & Correia, I. J., Design and production of sintered β-tricalcium phosphate 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 32:1293–1298, 2012. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2012.04.010. Santos, C. F. L., Silva, A. P., Lopes, L., Pires, I., & Correia, I. J., Design and production of sintered β-tricalcium phosphate 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 32:1293–1298, 2012. doi:10.​1016/​j.​msec.​2012.​04.​010.
31.
go back to reference Inzana, J. A., Olvera, D., Fuller, S. M., Kelly, J. P., Graeve, O. A., Schwarz, E. M., … Awad, H. A., 3D printing of composite calcium phosphate and collagen scaffolds for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 35:4026–4034, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.064. Inzana, J. A., Olvera, D., Fuller, S. M., Kelly, J. P., Graeve, O. A., Schwarz, E. M., … Awad, H. A., 3D printing of composite calcium phosphate and collagen scaffolds for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 35:4026–4034, 2014. doi:10.​1016/​j.​biomaterials.​2014.​01.​064.
32.
go back to reference Visscher, D. O., Farré-Guasch, E., Helder, M. N., Gibbs, S., Forouzanfar, T., van Zuijlen, P. P., and Wolff, J., Advances in bioprinting technologies for craniofacial reconstruction. Trends Biotechnol. 34:700–710, 2016.doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.04.001. Visscher, D. O., Farré-Guasch, E., Helder, M. N., Gibbs, S., Forouzanfar, T., van Zuijlen, P. P., and Wolff, J., Advances in bioprinting technologies for craniofacial reconstruction. Trends Biotechnol. 34:700–710, 2016.doi:10.​1016/​j.​tibtech.​2016.​04.​001.
33.
go back to reference Kurenov, S. N., Ionita, C., Sammons, D., and Demmy, T. L., Three-dimensional printing to facilitate anatomic study, device development, simulation, and planning in thoracic surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 149:973–979.e1, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.12.059. Kurenov, S. N., Ionita, C., Sammons, D., and Demmy, T. L., Three-dimensional printing to facilitate anatomic study, device development, simulation, and planning in thoracic surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 149:973–979.e1, 2015. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jtcvs.​2014.​12.​059.
34.
go back to reference Mulford, J. S., Babazadeh, S., and Mackay, N., Three-dimensional printing in orthopaedic surgery: Review of current and future applications. ANZ J. Surg.2016.doi:10.1111/ans.13533. Mulford, J. S., Babazadeh, S., and Mackay, N., Three-dimensional printing in orthopaedic surgery: Review of current and future applications. ANZ J. Surg.2016.doi:10.​1111/​ans.​13533.
36.
go back to reference Alencar, B., Nogueira, P., Roque-Torres, G. D., Meneses-López, A., Bóscolo, F. N., Almeida, D., … Groppo, F. C., Utilización del prototipado rápido en la odontología. Revista Estomatológica Herediana, 25:167–174, 2015. Alencar, B., Nogueira, P., Roque-Torres, G. D., Meneses-López, A., Bóscolo, F. N., Almeida, D., … Groppo, F. C., Utilización del prototipado rápido en la odontología. Revista Estomatológica Herediana, 25:167–174, 2015.
37.
go back to reference Lee, C. H., Hajibandeh, J., Suzuki, T., Fan, A., Shang, P., and Mao, J. J., Three-dimensional printed multiphase scaffolds for regeneration of periodontium complex. Tissue Eng. Part A, 20:1342–1351, (2013). doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0386. Lee, C. H., Hajibandeh, J., Suzuki, T., Fan, A., Shang, P., and Mao, J. J., Three-dimensional printed multiphase scaffolds for regeneration of periodontium complex. Tissue Eng. Part A, 20:1342–1351, (2013). doi:10.​1089/​ten.​tea.​2013.​0386.
38.
go back to reference Carter, S.-S. D., Costa, P. F., Vaquette, C., Ivanovski, S., Hutmacher, D. W., and Malda, J., Additive biomanufacturing: An advanced approach for periodontal tissue regeneration. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 45:12–22, 2017. doi:10.1007/s10439-016-1687-2. Carter, S.-S. D., Costa, P. F., Vaquette, C., Ivanovski, S., Hutmacher, D. W., and Malda, J., Additive biomanufacturing: An advanced approach for periodontal tissue regeneration. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 45:12–22, 2017. doi:10.​1007/​s10439-016-1687-2.
39.
go back to reference Darwood, A., Collier, J., Joshi, N., Grant, W. E., Sauret-Jackson, V., Richards, R., … Kirkpatrick, N., Re-thinking 3D printing: A novel approach to guided facial contouring. J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg. 43:1256–1260, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2015.06.001. Darwood, A., Collier, J., Joshi, N., Grant, W. E., Sauret-Jackson, V., Richards, R., … Kirkpatrick, N., Re-thinking 3D printing: A novel approach to guided facial contouring. J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg. 43:1256–1260, 2015. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jcms.​2015.​06.​001.
40.
go back to reference Yu, H., Shen, S. G., Wang, X., Zhang, L., and Zhang, S., The indication and application of computer-assisted navigation in oral and maxillofacial surgery—Shanghai’s experience based on 104 cases. J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg. 41:770–774, 2013. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2013.01.016. Yu, H., Shen, S. G., Wang, X., Zhang, L., and Zhang, S., The indication and application of computer-assisted navigation in oral and maxillofacial surgery—Shanghai’s experience based on 104 cases. J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg. 41:770–774, 2013. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jcms.​2013.​01.​016.
41.
go back to reference Fahmy, M. D., Jazayeri, H. E., Razavi, M., Masri, R., and Tayebi, L., Three-dimensional bioprinting materials with potential application in preprosthetic surgery. Journal of Prosthodontics 25:310–318, 2016. doi:10.1111/jopr.12431. Fahmy, M. D., Jazayeri, H. E., Razavi, M., Masri, R., and Tayebi, L., Three-dimensional bioprinting materials with potential application in preprosthetic surgery. Journal of Prosthodontics 25:310–318, 2016. doi:10.​1111/​jopr.​12431.
42.
go back to reference Pujol, S., Baldwin, M., Nassiri, J., Kikinis, R., and Shaffer, K., Using 3D modeling techniques to enhance teaching of difficult anatomical concepts. Acad. Radiol. 23:507–516, 2016. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2015.12.012. Pujol, S., Baldwin, M., Nassiri, J., Kikinis, R., and Shaffer, K., Using 3D modeling techniques to enhance teaching of difficult anatomical concepts. Acad. Radiol. 23:507–516, 2016. doi:10.​1016/​j.​acra.​2015.​12.​012.
43.
go back to reference McMenamin, P. G., Quayle, M. R., McHenry, C. R., and Adams, J. W., The production of anatomical teaching resources using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Anat. Sci. Educ. 7:479–486, 2014. doi:10.1002/ase.1475. McMenamin, P. G., Quayle, M. R., McHenry, C. R., and Adams, J. W., The production of anatomical teaching resources using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Anat. Sci. Educ. 7:479–486, 2014. doi:10.​1002/​ase.​1475.
44.
go back to reference Lim, K. H. A., Loo, Z. Y., Goldie, S. J., Adams, J. W., and McMenamin, P. G., Use of 3D printed models in medical education: A randomized control trial comparing 3D prints versus cadaveric materials for learning external cardiac anatomy. Anat. Sci. Educ. 9:213–221, 2016. doi:10.1002/ase.1573. Lim, K. H. A., Loo, Z. Y., Goldie, S. J., Adams, J. W., and McMenamin, P. G., Use of 3D printed models in medical education: A randomized control trial comparing 3D prints versus cadaveric materials for learning external cardiac anatomy. Anat. Sci. Educ. 9:213–221, 2016. doi:10.​1002/​ase.​1573.
Metadata
Title
3D Digitization and Prototyping of the Skull for Practical Use in the Teaching of Human Anatomy
Authors
Maria Teresa Ugidos Lozano
Fernando Blaya Haro
Carlos Molino Diaz
Sadia Manzoor
Gonzalo Ferrer Ugidos
Juan Antonio Juanes Mendez
Publication date
01-05-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Medical Systems / Issue 5/2017
Print ISSN: 0148-5598
Electronic ISSN: 1573-689X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-017-0728-1

Other articles of this Issue 5/2017

Journal of Medical Systems 5/2017 Go to the issue