Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2008, 152(2):251-258 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2008.039

TRANSCRANIAL SONOGRAPHY IN MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Petra Bartovaa, David Skoloudika,c, Michal Bara, Pavel Ressnerb, Petr Hlustikc, Roman Herzigc, Petr Kanovskyc
a Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic
b Department of Neurology, Hospital Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
c Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Medical School Olomouc, Czech Republic

BACKGROUND: Transcranial sonography (TCS) in the B-mode has the ability to image, infratentorial and supratentorial brain structures. For this reason, it has potential use in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various intracranial pathologies.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The authors reviewed the contribution of TCS to the differentiation of a number of neurodegenerative diseases: in parkinsonian syndromes, TCS can evaluate echogenicity changes in specific structures such as the hyperechogenic area of the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson's disease and the hyperechogenic caudate nucleus in Huntington's disease as well as the hyperechogenic lentiform nucleus (LN) in dystonia and Wilson's disease. In parkinson-plus syndromes, TCS may detect changes in width of the third ventricle and of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricle. The hyperechogenic SN can also be used in healthy populations as a marker of subclinical injury to the nigrostriatal system.

CONCLUSION: TCS is a quick, safe and non-invasive method. It could be helpful in differentiation between several movement disorders together with clinical examination and other neuroimaging methods.

Keywords: Transcranial sonography, Substantia nigra, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple-system atrophy, Corticobasal degeneration, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington’s disease, Dystonia, Essential tremor, Vascular parkinsonism, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Restless Leg syndrome, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Wilson’s disease,

Received: July 10, 2008; Accepted: August 18, 2008; Published: December 1, 2008  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Bartova, P., Skoloudik, D., Bar, M., Ressner, P., Hlustik, P., Herzig, R., & Kanovsky, P. (2008). TRANSCRANIAL SONOGRAPHY IN MOVEMENT DISORDERS. Biomedical papers, 152(2), 251-258. doi: 10.5507/bp.2008.039
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Gelb DJ, Oliver E, Gilman S. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 1999; 56:33-39. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Schrag A, Good CD, Miszkiel K, Morris HR, Mathias CJ, et al. Diff erentiation of Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes with Routine MRI. Neurology. 2000; 54:697-702. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Brucke T, Asenbaum S, Pirker W, Djamshidian S, Wenger S, et al. Measurement of the Dopaminergic Degeneration in Parkinsons Disease with [123I]-CIT and SPECT: Correlation with Clinical Findings and Comparison with Multiple System Atrophy and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J Neural Transmit. 1997; 50(Suppl.):9-24. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Booij J, Speelman JD, Horstink MWIM, Wolters EC. The Clinical Benefi t of Imaging Striatal Dopamine Transporter with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT in Diff erentiating Patients with Presynaptic Parkinsonism from those with Other Forms of Parkinsonism. Eur J Nuclear Med. 2001; 28:266-272. Go to original source...
    5. Asenbaum S, Pirker W, Angelberger P, Bencsits G, Pruckmayer M, et al. [123I]beta-CIT and SPECT in Essential Tremor and Parkinsons Disease. J Neural Transm. 1998; 105:1213-1228. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Berg D, Becker G, Zieler B, Tucha O, Hofman E, Preier M, et al. Vulnerability of the nigrostriatal system as detected by transcranial ultrasound. Neurology. 1999; 53:1026-1031. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Walter U, Behnke S, Eyding J, Niehaus L, Postert T, Seidel G, et al. Transcranial brain parenchyma sonography in movement disorders: State of the art. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 2007; 33:15- 25. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Becker G, Berg D. Neuroimaging in basal ganglia disorders: perspectives for transcranial ultrasound. Movement Disorders. 2001; 16:23-32. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Becker G, Seufert J, Bogdahn U, Reichmann H, Reiners K. Degeneration of substantia nigra in chronic Parkinsons disease visualized by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography. Neurology. 1995; 45:182-184. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Berg D, Siefker Ch, Ruprecht -Dörfl er P., Becker G. Relationship of substantia nigra echogenicity and motor function in elderly subjects. Neurology. 2001; 56:13-17. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Walter U, Wittstock M, Benecke R, Dressler D. Substantia nigra echogenicity is normal in non-extrapyramidal cerebral disorders but increase in Parkinsons disease. J Neural Transm. 2002; 109:191- 196. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Školoudík D, Škoda O, Bar M, Brozman M, Václavík D. Neurosonologie. Galén:Praha. 2003; 243-245.
    13. Skoloudik D, Fadrna T, Bartová P., Langova K, Ressner P, Zapletalova O, Hlusik P, Herzig R, Kanovsky P. Reproducibility of sonographic measurement of the substantia nigra. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007; 33:1347-1352. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Berg D, Grote C, Rausch WD, Maurer M, Wiesmann W, Reder P, et al. Iron accumulation of the substantia nigra in rats visualized by ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1999; 25:901-904. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Berg D, Roggendorf W, Schroder U, Klein R, Tatschner T, et al. Echogenicity of Substantia Nigra, Association with increased iron content and marker for susceptibility to nigrostriatal injury. Arch Neurol. 2002; 59:999-1005. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Ressner P, Skoloudik D, Hustik P, Kanovsky P. Echogenicity of substantia nigra in Parkinsons disease pilot study. J Neuroimaging. 2007; 17:164-167. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Ressner P, Skoloudik D, Kanovsky P. Echogenita substantia nigra u Parkinsonovy nemoci pilotni studie. Cesk Slov Neurol N. 2006; 102:376-379.
    18. Constantinescu R, Ravina B, Berg D. Should transcranial sonography be used for the diagnosis of Parkinsons disease, controversy. Moving Along. Epub 2006:1205.
    19. Bartova P, Skoloudik D, Fadrna T, Ressner P, Bar M, Herzig R, Kanovsky P. Ultrazvukove hodnoceni substantia nigra u pacientu s parkinsonskymi syndromy, Cesk Slov Neurol N 2007; 103:653- 657.
    20. Bartova P, Skoloudik D, Fadrna T, Ressner P, Kanovsky P, Herzig R. Sonographic evaluation of substantia nigra in parkinsonian syndromes. Parkinsonism and Related disorders 2007; 13(Suppl 2):123. Go to original source...
    21. Berg D, Siefker Ch, Becker G. Echogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinsons disease and its relation to clinical fi ndings. J Neurol. 2001; 248:684-689. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Ruprecht-Dörfl er P, Berg D, Tucha O, Benz P, Meier-Meitinger M, Alders GL, et al. Echogenicity of the substantia nigra in relatives of patients with sporadic Parkinsons disease. Neuro Image. 2003; 18:416-422. Go to original source...
    23. Semmer U, Hummel T, Cormann K, Mueller A, Frasnelli J, Kropp J, et al. Detection of presymptomatic Parkinsons disease: combining smell tests, transcranial sonography and SPECT. Mov Disord. 2004; 19:1196-1202. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Berg D, Supprian T, Hofmann E, Zeiler B, Jäger A, Lange KW, et al. Depression in Parkinsons disease: brainstem midline alteration on transcranial sonography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol. 1999; 246:1186-1193. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Becker G, Berg D, Lesch KP, Becker T. Basal limbic system alteration in major depression: a hypothesis supported by transcranial sonography and MRI fi ndings. The Int J Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001; 4:21-31. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Becker T, Becker G, Seufert J, Hofmann E, Lange KW, et al. Parkinsons disease and depression: evidence for alteration of the basal limbic system detected by transcranial sonography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997; 63:590-595. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Berg D, Jabs B, Merschodorf U, Beckmann H, Becker G. Echogenicity of substantia Nigra Determined by Transcranial Ultrasound correlates with severity of parkinsonian symptoms induced by neuroleptic therapy. Biol Psychiatry. 2001; 50:463-467. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Rouault TA, Cooperman S. Brain Iron Metabolism. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2006; 13:142-148. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Felletschin B, Bauer P, Walter U, Behnka S, Spiegel J, Csoti I, et al. Screening for mutations of the ferritin light and heavy genes in Parkinsons disease patients with hyperechogenicity of the substatnia nigra. Neuroscie Lett. 2003; 352:53-56. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Hochstrasser H, Baeur P, Walter U, Behnke S, Spiegel J, Csoti I, et al. Ceruloplasmin gene variations and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2004; 63:1912-1917. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Martinez-Heranndez R, Mountes S, Higuera-Callleja J, Rios C. Plasma ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity cerrelates with substatnia nigra sonographic area in Parkinsons disease patients. Mov disord. 2007; 22(Suppl 1):640. Go to PubMed...
    32. Salazar J, Mena N, Nunez MT. Iron dyshomeostasis in Parkinsons disease. J Neural Transm Suppl. 2006; 71:205-213. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Zecca L, D Tampellini, Gerlach M, Riederer P, Fariello RG, Schulzer D. Substantia nigra neuromelanin:structure, synthesis,and molecular behaviour. J Clin Mol Pathol. 2001; 54:414-418. Go to PubMed...
    34. Zecca L, Berg D, Atzberger T, Ruprecht P, Rausch WD, Musico M, et al. In vivo detection of iron and neuromelanin by transcranial sonography: a new aproach for early detection of substantia nigra damage. Mov Disord. 2005; 20:1278-1285. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Behnke S, Berg D, Naumann M, Becker G. Diff erentiation of Parkinsons disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes by transcranial ultrasound. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005; 76:423- 425. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Walter U, Niehaus L, Probst T, Benecke R, Meyer BU, Dressle D. Brain parenchyma sonography discriminates Parkinsons disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Neurology. 2003; 60:74-77. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. Gilman S, Low P, Quinn N, Albanese A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Fowler C, et al. Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. American Autonomic Society and American Academy of Neurology. Clinical Auton Res. 1998; 8:359-362. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Růžička E, Roth J, Kaňovský P. Parkinsonova nemoc a parkinsonské syndromy. Praha: Galén. 2000; 118-165.
    39. Walter U, Dressler D, Wolters A, Probst T, Grossmann A, Benecke R: Sonographic discrimination of corticobasal degeneration vs. Progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology. 2004; 63:504-509. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    40. Jankovic J. Essencial Tremor: clinical characteristics. Neurology. 2000; 54(Suppl 4):S21-S25.
    41. Niehaus L, Savyer N, Weber U, Hertel R, Trottenberg T, Kupsch A. Brain parenchyma sonography in patients with essential tremor and Parkinsons disease. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004; 17(Suppl 4):3.
    42. Stockner H, Sojer M, Muler J, Wenning GK, Schmidauer C, Poewe W. Midbrain sonography in patients with essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2007; 22:414-417. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    43. Walter U, Krolikowski K, Tarnacka B, Benecke R, Czlonkowska A, Dressler D: Sonographic detection of basal ganglia lesions in asymptomatic and symptomatic Wilson disease. Neurology. 2005; 64:1726-1732. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    44. Tsai CF, Wu RM, Huang YW, Chen LL, Yip PK, Jeng JS: Transcranial color-coded sonography helps diff erentiation between idiopatic Parkinsons disease and vascular parkinsonism. J Neurol. 2007; 254:501-507. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    45. Thanvi B, Lo N, Robinson T. Vascular parkinsonism an important cause of parkinsonism in older people. Age and Ageing. 2005; 34:114-119. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    46. Demirkiran M, Bozdemir H, Sarica Y. Vascular Parkinsonism: a distinct, heterogenous clinical entity. Acta Neurol Scand. 2001; 104:63-67. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. Walter U, Dressler D, Wolters A, Wittstock M, Greim B, Benecke R. Sonographic discrimination of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinsons disease with dementia. J Neurol. 2006; 253:448-454. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    48. Postert T, Lack B, Kuhn W, Jergas M, Andrich J, Braun B, et al. Basal ganglia alterations and brain atrophy in Huntingtons disease depicted by transcranial real time sonography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999; 67:457-462. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    49. Dexter DT, Jenner P, Scharpira AHV, Marsden CD. Alteration in levels of Iron, ferritin, and other trace metals in neurodegenerative diseases aff ecting the basal ganglia. Ann Neurol. 1992; 32(Suppl): S94-S100. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    50. Postert T, Eyding J, Berg D, Przuntek H, Becker G, Flinger M, et al. Transcranial sonography in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. J Neural Transm. 2004; 68(Suppl):123-133. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    51. Dürr A, Stevanin G, Cancel G, Duyckaerts C, Abbas N, Didierjean O, et al. Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 and Machado-Joseph disease. Clinical, molecular and neuropathological features. Ann Neurol. 1996; 39:490-499. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    52. Naumann M, Becker G, Tokya KV, Supprian T, Reiners K. Lenticular nucleus lesion in idiopatic dystonia detected by transcranial sonography. Neurology. 1996; 47:1284-1290. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    53. Becker G, Berg D, Francis M, Naumann M. Evidence for disturbances of copper metabolism in dystonia: From the image towards a new concept. Neurology. 2001; 57:2290-2294. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    54. Allen RP, Barket PB, Wehr F, Song HK, Earley CJ. MRI measurement of brain iron in patients with restless legs syndrome. Neurology. 2001; 56:263-265. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    55. Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, Trenkwalder C, Walters AS, Montplaisi J, et al. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med. 2003; 4:101-119. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    56. Schmidauer C, Sojer M, Seppi K, Stockner H, Hogl B, Biedermann B, et al: Transcranial ultrasound shows nigral hypoechogenicity in restless legs syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2005; 58:630-634. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    57. Godau J, Schweitzer KJ, Liepelt I, Gerloff Ch, Berg D. Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity: Defi nition and fi ndings in restless legs syndrome. Mov Disod. 2007; 22:187-192. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    58. Walter U, Klein C, Hilker R, Benecke R, Pramstaller PP, Dressler D. Brain parenchyma sonography detects preclinical parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2004; 19:1445-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    59. Berg D, Schweitzer K, Leitner P, Zimprich A, Lichtner P, Belcredi P, et al. Type and frequency of mutations in the LRRK2 gene in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Brain 2005; 128:3000-11. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content