Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2093-4378
eISSN 2093-4386
    J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2009 Dec;16(4):259-265. Korean.
    Published online Dec 31, 2009.
    https://doi.org/10.4184/jkss.2009.16.4.259
    Copyright © 2009 Korean Society of Spine Surgery
    Original Article

    Mechanical Properties of Blood-mixed PMMA in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

    Dong Ki Ahn, M.D., Song Lee, M.D., Dea Jung Choi, M.D., Soon Yeol Park, M.D., Dae Gon Woo, Ph.D,# Chi Hoon Kim, B.S,# and Han Sung Kim, Ph.D#
      • Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Sacred Heart General Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
      • #Biomedical Engineering Department, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
    • Address reprint requests to Dae Jung Choi, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Sacred Heart General Hospital 40-12 Chungryangri-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Korea. Tel: 82-2-968-2394, Fax: 82-2-966-1616, Email: niceosu@freechal.com
    Received April 21, 2009; Accepted July 07, 2009.

    Abstract

    Study Design

    This is a mechanical study of polymethylmetacrylate(PMMA) mixed with blood as a filler.

    Objective

    We tried to change the properties of PMMA so that it is more suitable to use for percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).

    Summary of the Literature Review

    The mechanical changes by adding a filler into PMMA were expected to decrease the Young's modulus, the polymerization temperature and the setting time. These changes of PMMA were considered to be more suitable and adaptable conditions for PVP for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.

    Materials and Methods

    Porous PMMA was produced by mixing 2 ml (B2), 4 ml (B4) and 6 ml (B6)-blood as a filler, and the mechanical properties were investigated in comparison with regular PMMA(R) in view of Young's modulus, the polymerization temperature, the setting time and the optimal passing-time within the injectable viscosity (20~50N-needed) through a 2.8mm-diameter cement-filler tube. Porosity was inspected by performing microcomputated tomography (micro-CT).

    Results

    Young's modulus was decreased from 919.5 MPa (R) to 701 MPa (B2), 693.5 MPa (B4) and 545.6 MPa (B6) in each group. The polymerization temperature decreased from 74.2℃ (R) to 59.8℃ (B2), 54.2℃ (B4) and 47.5℃(B6), respectively. The setting time decreased from 1065sec (R) to 624sec (B2), 678sec(B4) and 606sec (B6), respectively, and the optimal passing-time decreased from 75.6sec (R) to 46.6sec (B2), 65.0sec (B4) and 79.0sec(B6), respectively. The porosity increased from 4.2%(R) to 27.6%(B2), 27.5%(B4) and 29.5%(B6), respectively. A homogenous microstructure with very fine pores was seen on inspection of all the blood-mixed PMMAs.

    Conclusion

    Blood mixed with PMMA was considered as an excellent filler that was easy to make and had good biocompatibility. The 6ml blood-mixed PMMA (B6) showed more suitable mechanical properties, including a decreased elastic modulus due to more porosity, less heating and a retarded optimal passing-time by the serum barrier, which diminished the friction between the PMMA and a cement-filler tube.

    Keywords
    Filler; Bone cement; Vertebroplasty; Osteoporotic verterbral compression fracture

    Figures

    Fig. 1
    Measurement methods of pressure-related manipulation time. A cement filler with 2.8 mm of diameter is connected with FGP-5. A jig can hold a cement filler tightly along the parallel axis to FGP-5 not to cause unexpected resistant pressure during cement-pushing.

    Fig. 2
    Micro-configuration on micro-CT. Blood-mixed PMMA's (B2, B4 and B6) showed homogenous structures with fine regular pores.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Homogenous subsets by Tukey B test

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    MeSH Terms
    Elastic Modulus
    Fractures, Compression
    Friction
    Heating
    Hot Temperature
    Polymerization
    Polymers
    Polymethyl Methacrylate
    Porosity
    Vertebroplasty
    Viscosity
    Metrics
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