Effectiveness of Health-Led Cognitive Behavioral-Based Group Therapy on Pain, Functional Disability and Psychological Outcomes among Knee Osteoarthritis Patients in Malaysia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Site
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Participants
2.4. Randomization and Blinding Procedure
2.5. Intervention
2.6. Training of Health-Led Therapists
2.7. Outcome Measures
2.8. Statistical Analysis
2.9. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Effectiveness of Intervention on Outcome Measures
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Strengths and Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TimePoint | Mean Change from Baseline (95% CI) | p Value (Interaction) | Partial Eta Square | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 111) | Intervention (n = 119) | |||
KOOS Knee Pain (points) | <0.0001 * | 0.122 | ||
Immediate | −0.190 (−1.108 to 0.728) | 3.067 (2.159 to 3.974) * | ||
1 month | 0.432 (−1.901 to 2.765) | 4.264 (1.958 to 6.570) * | ||
6 months | 0.603 (−1.732 to 2.938) | 8.926 (6.618 to 11.234) * | ||
KOOS Functional Disability (Daily Living) (points) | <0.0001 * | 0.036 | ||
Immediate | 1.168 (−0.244 to 2.579) | 1.464 (0.069 to 2.859) * | ||
1 month | 2.459 (0.049 to 4.869) * | 4.608 (2.225 to 6.990) * | ||
6 months | 4.819 (1.485 to 8.153) * | 9.948 (6.653 to 13.243) * | ||
KOOS Functional Disability (Sport) (points) | 0.681 | 0.002 | ||
Immediate | 2.419 (−3.006 to 7.845) | 3.154 (−2.209 to 8.516) | ||
1 month | 4.314 (−2.775 to 11.402) | 5.292 (−1.714 to 12.298) | ||
6 months | 2.821 (−4.856 to 10.497) | 5.452 (−2.135 to 13.039) | ||
Depression (points) | <0.0001 * | 0.083 | ||
Immediate | −0.004 (−0.655 to 0.648) | −0.064 (−0.708 to 0.580) | ||
1 month | −0.330 (−1.088 to 0.428) | −0.807 (−1.556 to −0.057) * | ||
6 months | −0.008 (−0.909 to 0.893) | −2.167 (−3.057 to −1.276) * | ||
Anxiety(points) | 0.006 * | 0.021 | ||
Immediate | −0.019 (−1.054 to 1.016) | −0.382 (−1.405 to 0.641) | ||
1 month | 0.273 (−0.917 to 1.464) | −0.932 (−2.108 to 0.245) | ||
6 months | −0.189 (−1.640 to 1.261) | −1.827 (−3.260 to −0.394) * | ||
Stress(points) | 0.552 | 0.003 | ||
Immediate | 0.259 (−0.454 to 0.972) | 0.015 (−0.690 to 0.719) | ||
1 month | 0.134 (−0.974 to 1.242) | −0.369 (−1.464 to 0.726) | ||
6 months | −0.397 (−1.844 to 1.049) | −0.326 (−1.756 to 1.103) | ||
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs (Work) (points) | 0.956 | 0.000 | ||
Immediate | −0.720 (−3.934 to 2.495) | −0.462 (−3.640 to 2.715) | ||
1 month | −1.986 (−5.203 to 1.230) | −1.798 (−4.977 to 1.381) | ||
6 months | −2.565 (−5.984 to 0.855) | −2.053 (−5.433 to 1.326) | ||
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs (Physical Activity) (points) | 0.838 | 0.001 | ||
Immediate | −0.450 (−1.950 to 1.050) | −0.423 (−1.906 to 1.059) | ||
1 month | −1.126 (−3.212 to 0.959) | −0.829 (−2.890 to 1.232) | ||
6 months | −2.094 (−4.393 to 0.205) | −1.538 (−3.811 to 0.734) | ||
Pain Catastrophizing (points) | <0.0001 * | 0.052 | ||
Immediate | 0.058 (−0.121 to 0.237) | −0.083 (−0.260 to 0.094) | ||
1 month | −0.108 (−0.388 to 0.172) | −0.517 (−0.794 to −0.240) * | ||
6 months | −0.234 (−0.555 to 0.087) | −0.880 (−1.197 to −0.563) * | ||
Pain Self-Efficacy (points) | 0.253 | 0.006 | ||
Immediate | 0.019 (−0.173 to 0.210) | 0.183 (−0.007 to 0.372) | ||
1 month | 0.129 (−0.194 to 0.453) | 0.235 (−0.085 to 0.555) | ||
6 months | 0.264 (−0.160 to 0.688) | 0.543 (0.123 to 0.962) * |
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Foo, C.N.; Arumugam, M.; Lekhraj, R.; Lye, M.-S.; Mohd-Sidik, S.; Jamil Osman, Z. Effectiveness of Health-Led Cognitive Behavioral-Based Group Therapy on Pain, Functional Disability and Psychological Outcomes among Knee Osteoarthritis Patients in Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176179
Foo CN, Arumugam M, Lekhraj R, Lye M-S, Mohd-Sidik S, Jamil Osman Z. Effectiveness of Health-Led Cognitive Behavioral-Based Group Therapy on Pain, Functional Disability and Psychological Outcomes among Knee Osteoarthritis Patients in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176179
Chicago/Turabian StyleFoo, Chai Nien, Manohar Arumugam, Rampal Lekhraj, Munn-Sann Lye, Sherina Mohd-Sidik, and Zubaidah Jamil Osman. 2020. "Effectiveness of Health-Led Cognitive Behavioral-Based Group Therapy on Pain, Functional Disability and Psychological Outcomes among Knee Osteoarthritis Patients in Malaysia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176179