Anti-Müllerian hormone as an ovarian reserve marker in young cancer women who undergo ovarian tissue cryopreservation
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Aim: To evaluate if anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a reliable marker of ovarian reserve in young women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Patients & methods: Relationships of serum AMH levels with primordial follicle density, age and reproductive hormones were investigated using the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient in 86 women with cancer (12–38 years) undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation. AMH variations through the menstrual cycle were assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. p < 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: AMH positively correlated with primordial follicle density (p = 0.03), showed great interindividual variability at all ages and negatively correlated with estradiol (p = 0.007) in the early follicular phase. AMH did not vary across the menstrual cycle (p = 0.415). Conclusion: AMH appears a valid ovarian reserve marker in young cancer women.
Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest
References
- 1 . The variability of female reproductive ageing. Hum. Reprod. Update 8(2), 141–154 (2002).
- 2 . What does anti-Müllerian hormone tell you about ovarian function? Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxford) 77(5), 652–655 (2012).• Examines and discusses the role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the various aspects of ovarian function and dysfunction.
- 3 . Reproductive aging and variability in the ovarian antral follicle count: application in the clinical setting. Fertil. Steril. 80(3), 577–583 (2003).
- 4 . The antral follicle count: practical recommendations for better standardization. Fertil. Steril. 94(3), 1044–1051 (2010).
- 5 . Intra-cycle variation in the number of antral follicles stratified by size and in endocrine markers of ovarian reserve in women with normal ovulatory menstrual cycles. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 41(2), 216–222 (2013).
- 6 Anti-Müllerian hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in rat ovaries during postnatal development, the estrous cycle, and gonadotropin-induced follicle growth. Endocrinology 136(11), 4951–4962 (1995).
- 7 Anti-Müllerian hormone expression pattern in the human ovary: potential implications for initial and cyclic follicle recruitment. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 10(2), 77–83 (2004).
- 8 Anti-Mullerian hormone attenuates the effects of FSH on follicle development in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 142(11), 4891–4899 (2001).
- 9 Anti-Mullerian hormone inhibits initiation of primordial follicle growth in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 143(3), 1076–1084 (2002).
- 10 . Anti-Müllerian hormone inhibits initiation of growth of human primordial ovarian follicles in vitro. Hum. Reprod. 21(9), 2223–2227 (2006).
- 11 . Mullerian inhibiting substance is an ovarian growth factor of emerging clinical significance. Fertil. Steril. 88(3), 539–546 (2007).
- 12 . Mullerian-inhibiting substance inhibits cytochrome P450 aromatase activity in human granulosa lutein cell culture. Fertil. Steril. 89(5 Suppl.), 1364–1370 (2008).
- 13 . Mullerian inhibiting substance as oocyte meiosis inhibitor. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 47(3), 225–234 (1986).
- 14 . Antimüllerian hormone serum levels: a putative marker for ovarian aging. Fertil. Steril. 77(2), 357–362 (2002).
- 15 Anti-Müllerian hormone is a promising predictor for the occurrence of the menopausal transition. Menopause 11(6 Pt 1), 601–606 (2004).
- 16 Serum antimullerian hormone levels best reflect the reproductive decline with age in normal women with proven fertility: a longitudinal study. Fertil. Steril. 83(4), 979–987 (2005).
- 17 . Serum anti-Mullerian hormone throughout the human menstrual cycle. Hum. Reprod. 21(12), 3103–3107 (2006).
- 18 . Correlation of ovarian reserve tests with histologically determined primordial follicle number. Fertil. Steril. 95(1), 170–175 (2011).•• First study that assessed the relationship between common clinical tests of ovarian reserve and the true ovarian reserve determined by the ovarian primordial follicle number. Two of the tests, the ovarian antral follicle count and serum levels of AMH, were significantly correlated with the ovarian primordial follicle number, even after correcting for chronological age.
- 19 . Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates: facts and hypotheses. Endocr. Rev. 17(2), 121–155 (1996).
- 20 . Follicle-stimulating hormone and advanced follicle development in the human. Arch. Med. Res. 32(6), 595–600 (2001).
- 21 . Assessment of ovarian reserve: is there still a role for ovarian biopsy in the light of new data? Hum. Reprod. 19(3), 467–469 (2004).
- 22 . Density and distribution of primordial follicles in single pieces of cortex from 21 patients and in individual pieces of cortex from three entire human ovaries. Hum. Reprod. 18(6), 1158–1164 (2003).
- 23 Individual serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone in healthy girls persist through childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal cohort study. Hum. Reprod. 27(3), 861–866 (2012).
- 24 Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in healthy females: a nomogram ranging from infancy to adulthood. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97(12), 4650–4655 (2012).•• Reports the assessment of serum AMH levels performed in a single laboratory in a large cohort of healthy females ranging from infancy until the end of the reproductive period.
- 25 Serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone as a marker of ovarian function in 926 healthy females from birth to adulthood and in 172 Turner syndrome patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95(11), 5003–5010 (2010).
- 26 . Accelerated disappearance of ovarian follicles in mid-life: implications for forecasting menopause. Hum. Reprod. 7(10), 1342–1346 (1992).
- 27 . The anti-Mullerian hormone and ovarian cancer. Hum. Reprod. Update 13(3), 265–273 (2007).
- 28 . Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in the spontaneous menstrual cycle do not show substantial fluctuation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91(10), 4057–4063 (2006).
- 29 Differential regulation of ovarian anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) by estradiol through α- and β-estrogen receptors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97(9), e1649–e1657 (2012).