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Dengue diagnosis: commercially available kits and laboratory support

    Monique da Rocha Queiroz Lima

    Monique da Rocha Queiroz Lima is a PhD student on the Tropical Medicine Program at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with experience in collective health and an emphasis on virology. She is currently affiliated at the Flavivirus Laboratory at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, a regional reference laboratory for dengue and yellow fever diagnosis for the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Her areas of expertise are dengue epidemiology and diagnosis.

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    ,
    Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira

    Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira is a Principal Investigator and has been Head of the Flavivirus Laboratory at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, for the Brazilian Ministry of Health since its establishment in 1986. Her area of expertise is applied microbiology, focusing on dengue and yellow fever viruses.

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    &
    Flávia Barreto dos Santos

    Flávia Barreto dos Santos is a Public Health Senior Technologist at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ. Her masters and PhD degrees were on molecular and cell biology at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, and she had a postdoctorate fellowship at the University of California, Berkeley (USA). She is currently affiliated at the Flavivirus Laboratory, at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute for the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Her areas of expertise are dengue epidemiology, molecular epidemiology and diagnosis.

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    Published Online:10 Feb 2014https://doi.org/10.2217/ebo.14.8
    Abstract:

    Summary The laboratory diagnosis of dengue can be carried out using several approaches for the detection of the virus, viral RNA, antigens or specific antibodies, or even a combination of these methods. In many scenarios, such as patient care, surveillance, outbreak and epidemics investigations, vaccine trials and differential diagnosis, an accurate diagnosis is of great importance. However, the choice of method or test will not only depend on the goal of the testing but also on factors such as the laboratory infrastructure, technical expertise available, sampling collection, shipment and storage conditions. The desirable window for diagnosing dengue infection relies on the period of the onset of fever (acute phase) when the viremia occurs until the tenth day after (convalescent phase) when anti-dengue antibodies can be detected. Depending on which phase, specific diagnosis can be made; however, those techniques generally performed for direct viral detection, despite being more specific, are the least available. ELISA, used to detect IgM and convalescent IgG antibodies, as well as for the detection of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen, has been considered the most useful method for diagnosing dengue, due to its sensitivity, easier performance and low costs. Many in-house protocols have been established; however, the increased burden of the disease has led to the development of a variety of dengue diagnosis commercial tests in different formats (ELISA and rapid diagnostic test). Most of the time these are fast and easy to perform, but are not often fairly evaluated.

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