Abstract
Donkeys milk is the best substitute of human milk for its content in lactose, proteins, minerals, and ω-3 fatty acids. Here, we have evaluated the effects of colostrum and milk from donkeys (Martina Franca breed) on the function of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at different intervals from lactation. Colostrum induced more IgA responses, while milk induced predominantly more IgG responses. Both milk and colostrum induced expression of CD25 and CD69 on PBMCs. The ability to induce release of interleukins (IL) (IL-12, IL-1β and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α was confined only to milk, while colostrum was devoid of this capacity. Finally, both colostrum and milk induced nitric oxide (NO) release from PBMCs but milk exhibited a greater capacity than colostrum in NO generation. Taken together, these immunological activities exerted by both colostrum and milk from donkeys may be useful in the treatment of human immune-related diseases. In particular, NO induction by donkeys milk may be very useful in the prevention of atherosclerosis, being a strong vasodilator and an effective antimicrobial agent since pathogens and/or their products may play a proatherogenic role.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, cytokines, colostrum, donkey, immunoglobulin, milk, nitric oxide, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Immunological Properties of Donkeys Milk: Its Potential Use in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis
Volume: 13 Issue: 36
Author(s): A. Tafaro, T. Magrone, F. Jirillo, G. Martemucci, A.G. D`Alessandro, L. Amati and E. Jirillo*
Affiliation:
- National Institute for Digestive Diseases, Castellana Grotte (Bari),Italy
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, cytokines, colostrum, donkey, immunoglobulin, milk, nitric oxide, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Abstract: Donkeys milk is the best substitute of human milk for its content in lactose, proteins, minerals, and ω-3 fatty acids. Here, we have evaluated the effects of colostrum and milk from donkeys (Martina Franca breed) on the function of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at different intervals from lactation. Colostrum induced more IgA responses, while milk induced predominantly more IgG responses. Both milk and colostrum induced expression of CD25 and CD69 on PBMCs. The ability to induce release of interleukins (IL) (IL-12, IL-1β and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α was confined only to milk, while colostrum was devoid of this capacity. Finally, both colostrum and milk induced nitric oxide (NO) release from PBMCs but milk exhibited a greater capacity than colostrum in NO generation. Taken together, these immunological activities exerted by both colostrum and milk from donkeys may be useful in the treatment of human immune-related diseases. In particular, NO induction by donkeys milk may be very useful in the prevention of atherosclerosis, being a strong vasodilator and an effective antimicrobial agent since pathogens and/or their products may play a proatherogenic role.
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Cite this article as:
Tafaro A. , Magrone T. , Jirillo F. , Martemucci G., D`Alessandro A.G. , Amati L. and Jirillo E. *, Immunological Properties of Donkeys Milk: Its Potential Use in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2007; 13 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207783018590
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207783018590 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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