Abstract
In the last decade, several third and fourth generation fluoroquinolones (FQs) have been approved for clinical use. These new agents exhibit a more potent and broader-spectrum antibacterial activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties in comparison to the earlier FQs. Although new FQs are generally safe and well tolerated, moderate-to-severe toxicity events have been reported for some of them, leading to their restriction, suspension or even withdrawal from the market. The most common FQ-related adverse effects (AEs) are usually mild and involve the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. nausea and diarrhea) and the central nervous system (e.g. headache and dizziness). Uncommon, but severe AEs (e.g. arthropathy, QTc interval prolongation, dysglycaemia and phototoxicity) and idiosyncratic reactions (e.g. hepatitis and hemolytic anemia) have also been reported and will be discussed throughout this paper. The evidence currently available suggests that AEs can be inherent to the FQ class or can be associated with a particular chemical moiety of the molecular structure of each FQ, thus varying in frequency, severity and nature. The main goal of this review is to provide a systematic evaluation of safety and tolerability data of the newer FQs with emphasis on those currently marketed.
Keywords: Adverse effects, fluoroquinolones, structure-activity relationship, toxicity.
Current Drug Safety
Title:Third and Fourth Generation Fluoroquinolone Antibacterials: A Systematic Review of Safety and Toxicity Profiles
Volume: 9 Issue: 2
Author(s): Joana Sousa, Gilberto Alves, Ana Fortuna and Amilcar Falcao
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adverse effects, fluoroquinolones, structure-activity relationship, toxicity.
Abstract: In the last decade, several third and fourth generation fluoroquinolones (FQs) have been approved for clinical use. These new agents exhibit a more potent and broader-spectrum antibacterial activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties in comparison to the earlier FQs. Although new FQs are generally safe and well tolerated, moderate-to-severe toxicity events have been reported for some of them, leading to their restriction, suspension or even withdrawal from the market. The most common FQ-related adverse effects (AEs) are usually mild and involve the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. nausea and diarrhea) and the central nervous system (e.g. headache and dizziness). Uncommon, but severe AEs (e.g. arthropathy, QTc interval prolongation, dysglycaemia and phototoxicity) and idiosyncratic reactions (e.g. hepatitis and hemolytic anemia) have also been reported and will be discussed throughout this paper. The evidence currently available suggests that AEs can be inherent to the FQ class or can be associated with a particular chemical moiety of the molecular structure of each FQ, thus varying in frequency, severity and nature. The main goal of this review is to provide a systematic evaluation of safety and tolerability data of the newer FQs with emphasis on those currently marketed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sousa Joana, Alves Gilberto, Fortuna Ana and Falcao Amilcar, Third and Fourth Generation Fluoroquinolone Antibacterials: A Systematic Review of Safety and Toxicity Profiles, Current Drug Safety 2014; 9 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574886308666140106154754
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574886308666140106154754 |
Print ISSN 1574-8863 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3911 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Heart Rate Variability Analysis at Coronary Artery Disease and Angina Pectoris
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Beneficial Effects of Statins
Current Medicinal Chemistry Clinical and Environmental Correlates of Serum BDNF: A Descriptive Study with Plausible Implications for AD Research
Current Alzheimer Research Hypertension in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) High-Density Lipoprotein Quantity or Quality for Cardiovascular Prevention?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Association and Causal Relationship of Midlife Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders with Old Age Cognition
Current Alzheimer Research Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Interventions for Improving Symptoms, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Psychological well Being in Patients with Stable Angina
Current Cardiology Reviews Clinical Implications of CYP2D6 Genetic Polymorphism During Treatment with Antipsychotic Drugs
Current Drug Targets Transition of Care for Patients with Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels and Cardiac Fibrosis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prediction of New Structures by Comparative Analysis
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial (Thematic Issue: Antithrombotic Therapy: Current and Future Clinical Use)
Current Vascular Pharmacology Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Rational Drug Design and Discovery
Current Pharmaceutical Design Combinatorial Therapies for Cardiac Regeneration
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Susceptibility of Periodontopathogenic and Cariogenic Bacteria to Defensins and Potential Therapeutic Use of Defensins in Oral Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Folate Nutrigenetics: A Convergence of Dietary Folate Metabolism, Folic Acid Supplementation, and Folate Antagonist Pharmacogenetics
Drug Metabolism Letters Targeting the Role of Lipoprotein (a) in Stroke
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Biomarkers of Alcohol Consumption in Body Fluids - Possibilities and Limitations of Application in Toxicological Analysis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nutritional Antioxidants Mechanisms of Action, Analyses of Activities and Medical Applications
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Impacts of Nanoparticles on Cardiovascular Diseases: Modulating Metabolism and Function of Endothelial Cells
Current Drug Metabolism