Abstract
With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the reduction in overall mortality and morbidity in HIV patients has been accompanied by the emergence of liver disease as a leading cause of death. Elevated liver enzymes may be due to HAART or to other risk factors, including hepatitis co-infection and alcohol use. The different components of HAART are each associated with different risks of liver toxicity. Most drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver, and this may be affected by liver disease. The mechanisms for drug-induced liver injury include dose-dependent toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, idiosyncratic reactions, mitochondrial toxicity, and immune reconstitution. The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury is exclusionary. Once diagnosed, management generally involves discontinuation of the offending drug(s). A number of studies in progress are investigating whether treatment of hepatitis co-infection can improve the tolerability of HAART.
Keywords: Highly active antiretroviral therapy, liver injury, hepatitis co-infection
Current Drug Safety
Title: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Liver Injury
Volume: 3 Issue: 1
Author(s): Maurizio Bonacini and Ira Inductivo-Yu
Affiliation:
Keywords: Highly active antiretroviral therapy, liver injury, hepatitis co-infection
Abstract: With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the reduction in overall mortality and morbidity in HIV patients has been accompanied by the emergence of liver disease as a leading cause of death. Elevated liver enzymes may be due to HAART or to other risk factors, including hepatitis co-infection and alcohol use. The different components of HAART are each associated with different risks of liver toxicity. Most drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver, and this may be affected by liver disease. The mechanisms for drug-induced liver injury include dose-dependent toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, idiosyncratic reactions, mitochondrial toxicity, and immune reconstitution. The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury is exclusionary. Once diagnosed, management generally involves discontinuation of the offending drug(s). A number of studies in progress are investigating whether treatment of hepatitis co-infection can improve the tolerability of HAART.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bonacini Maurizio and Inductivo-Yu Ira, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Liver Injury, Current Drug Safety 2008; 3 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488608783333916
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488608783333916 |
Print ISSN 1574-8863 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3911 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Angiotensin (1-7) and other Angiotensin Peptides
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hesperetin Liposomes for Cancer Therapy
Current Drug Delivery Role of Ca2+-Sensitive K+ Currents in Controlling Ventricular Repolarization: Possible Implications for Future Antiarrhytmic Drug Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Readthrough of SCN5A Nonsense Mutations p.R1623X and p.S1812X Questions Gene-therapy in Brugada Syndrome
Current Gene Therapy Editorial: Cocaine and Cerebral Small Vessel: Is it a Negative Factor for Intravenous Thrombolysis?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Pattern of Medication Use Among Older Inpatients in Seven Hospitals in Italy: Results from the Criteria to Assess Appropriate Medication Use Among Elderly Complex Patients (CRIME) Project
Current Drug Safety The De Novo Synthesis of Oligosaccharides: Application to the Medicinal Chemistry SAR-Study of Digitoxin
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Unmet Needs in Schizophrenia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Effects of Amine Oxidases in Allergic and Histamine-Mediated Conditions
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Model for Therapy Personalization of Pediatric Patients: Disease Modeling and Drug Adverse Effects Prevention
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Effect of Anti-B-cell Therapy on the Development of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Evaluation and Management of Asymptomatic Bradyarrhythmias
Current Cardiology Reviews Electrochemical Cell-based Biosensors for Biomedical Applications
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry microRNA-133: Expression, Function and Therapeutic Potential in Muscle Diseases and Cancer
Current Drug Targets Neuronal and Vascular Oxidative Stress in Alzheimers Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Diabetes, Diabetic Complications, and Phosphate Toxicity: A Scoping Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Salvia miltiorrhiza: A Potential Red Light to the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Big Data and Genome Editing Technology: A New Paradigm of Cardiovascular Genomics
Current Cardiology Reviews The Relationship between Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Atherosclerosis and Rheumatic Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design In Vitro Approaches to Evaluate ADMET Drug Properties
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry