Abstract
Adenovirus is one of the most commonly used vectors for gene therapy and it is the first approved virus-derived drug for treatment of cancer. As an oncolytic agent, it can induce lysis of infected cells, but it can also engage the immune system, promoting activation and maturation of antigen- presenting cells (APCs). In essence, oncolysis combined with the associated immunostimulatory actions result in a “personalized in situ vaccine” for each patient. In order to take full advantage of these features, we should try to understand how adenovirus interacts with the immune system, what are the receptors involved in triggering subsequent signals and which kind of responses they elicit. Tackling these questions will give us further insight in how to manipulate adenovirus-mediated immune responses for enhancement of anti-tumor efficacy.
In this review, we first highlight how oncolytic adenovirus interacts with the innate immune system and its receptors such as Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)- like receptors and other immune sensors. Then we describe the effect of these interactions on the adaptive immune system and its cells, especially B and T lymphocytes. Finally, we summarize the most significant preclinical and clinical results in the field of gene therapy where researchers have engineered adenovirus to manipulate the host immune system by expressing cytokines and signalingmediators.
Keywords: Oncolytic adenovirus, gene therapy, innate immune system, adaptive immune system, pattern recognition receptors, armed oncolytic adenovirus, toll-like receptors.
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title:Cancer-Targeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Modulation of the Immune System
Volume: 18 Issue: 2
Author(s): Vincenzo Cerullo*, Cristian Capasso, Markus Vaha-Koskela, Otto Hemminki and Akseli Hemminki*
Affiliation:
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Center for Drug Research and Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki,Finland
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Transplantation Laboratory and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki,Finland
Keywords: Oncolytic adenovirus, gene therapy, innate immune system, adaptive immune system, pattern recognition receptors, armed oncolytic adenovirus, toll-like receptors.
Abstract: Adenovirus is one of the most commonly used vectors for gene therapy and it is the first approved virus-derived drug for treatment of cancer. As an oncolytic agent, it can induce lysis of infected cells, but it can also engage the immune system, promoting activation and maturation of antigen- presenting cells (APCs). In essence, oncolysis combined with the associated immunostimulatory actions result in a “personalized in situ vaccine” for each patient. In order to take full advantage of these features, we should try to understand how adenovirus interacts with the immune system, what are the receptors involved in triggering subsequent signals and which kind of responses they elicit. Tackling these questions will give us further insight in how to manipulate adenovirus-mediated immune responses for enhancement of anti-tumor efficacy.
In this review, we first highlight how oncolytic adenovirus interacts with the innate immune system and its receptors such as Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)- like receptors and other immune sensors. Then we describe the effect of these interactions on the adaptive immune system and its cells, especially B and T lymphocytes. Finally, we summarize the most significant preclinical and clinical results in the field of gene therapy where researchers have engineered adenovirus to manipulate the host immune system by expressing cytokines and signalingmediators.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cerullo Vincenzo *, Capasso Cristian , Vaha-Koskela Markus , Hemminki Otto and Hemminki Akseli *, Cancer-Targeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Modulation of the Immune System, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666170502152352
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666170502152352 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Cancer Biomarkers and Potential Drug Targets: From Diagnosis to Therapy
Cancer biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. They provide valuable information for cancer detection, risk assessment, treatment selection, and monitoring response to therapy. With advancements in molecular biology and high-throughput technologies, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing cancer biomarkers ...read more
Innovative Cancer Drug Targets: A New Horizon in Oncology
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases, with its complexity and adaptability necessitating continuous research efforts into more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches. Recent years have witnessed significant progress in understanding the molecular and genetic basis of cancer, leading to the identification of novel drug targets. These include, but ...read more
ROLE OF IMMUNE AND GENOTOXIC RESPONSE BIOMARKERS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process to explore and investigate the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune ...read more
Targeting the battlefield between host and tumor: basic research and clinical practice on reshaping tumor immune microenvironment
Immune system protects host against malignant tumors through effector cells and molecules. Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses cancer progression. Chronic inflammation facilitates cancer progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often lead to anti-cancer immune responses. ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
miRNA and Proteomic Dysregulation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Response to Cigarette Smoke
MicroRNA Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of MicroRNA in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
MicroRNA Suicide Gene Therapy Mediated by the Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Gene / Ganciclovir System: Fifteen Years of Application
Current Gene Therapy New Generation of Liposomal Drugs for Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Systemic Treatment and Radiotherapy in Malignant Mesothelioma
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Biosystems Engineering of Prokaryotes with Tumor-Killing Capacities
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Advances in Oncological Submissions of Dendrimer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Issue: Novel Pharmaceutical Approaches by Natural Compound-Derived Epigenetic Regulators: Epigenetic Readers, Writers and Erasers as Therapeutic Targets)
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Development of NGR-Based Anti-Cancer Agents for Targeted Therapeutics and Imaging
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry NGR-based Strategies for Targeting Delivery of Chemotherapeutics to Tumor Vasculature
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Role of α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Normal and Cancer Stem Cells
Current Drug Targets Regulatory Role of the α7nAChR in Cancer
Current Drug Targets Studies on Anticancer Activities of Lactoferrin and Lactoferricin
Current Protein & Peptide Science Editorial [Hot Topic: The Therapeutic Potential of Ribonucleases (Guest Editor: Urich Arnold) ]
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Sequential Bilateral Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report and Review of this Rare Medical Entity
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Could Growth Factor-Mediated Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Degradation Offer the Ground for Directed Pharmacological Targeting in Fibrosarcoma?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Exosomes: A Role for Naturally Occurring Nanovesicles in Cancer Growth, Diagnosis and Treatment
Current Gene Therapy Antisense Strategies
Current Molecular Medicine Novel Antibody Therapeutics Targeting Mesothelin In Solid Tumors
Clinical Cancer Drugs Liposomal Formulation of Monovalent Cholesteryl Cytofectins with Acyclic Head Groups and Gene Delivery: A Systematic Review
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology