Abstract
Chromosome 21, triplicated in Down Syndrome, contains several genes that are thought to play a critical role in the development of AD neuropathology. The overexpression of the gene for the amyloid precursor protein (APP), on chromosome 21, leads to early onset beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in DS. In addition to Aβ accumulation, middle-aged people with DS develop neurofibrillary tangles, cerebrovascular pathology, white matter pathology, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation and neuron loss. There is also evidence of potential compensatory responses in DS that benefit the brain and delay the onset of dementia after there is sufficient neuropathology for a diagnosis of AD. This review describes some of the existing literature and also highlights gaps in our knowledge regarding AD neuropathology in DS. It will be critical in the future to develop networked brain banks with standardized collection procedures to fully characterize the regional and temporal pathological events associated with aging in DS. As more information is acquired regarding AD evolution in DS, there will be opportunities to develop interventions that are age-appropriate to delay AD in DS.
Keywords: Beta-amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, posttranslational modifications, senile plaques, trisomy 21, vascular pathology, white matter damage.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Aging in Down Syndrome and the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology
Volume: 13 Issue: 1
Author(s): Elizabeth Head, Ira T. Lott, Donna M. Wilcock and Cynthia A. Lemere
Affiliation:
Keywords: Beta-amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, posttranslational modifications, senile plaques, trisomy 21, vascular pathology, white matter damage.
Abstract: Chromosome 21, triplicated in Down Syndrome, contains several genes that are thought to play a critical role in the development of AD neuropathology. The overexpression of the gene for the amyloid precursor protein (APP), on chromosome 21, leads to early onset beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in DS. In addition to Aβ accumulation, middle-aged people with DS develop neurofibrillary tangles, cerebrovascular pathology, white matter pathology, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation and neuron loss. There is also evidence of potential compensatory responses in DS that benefit the brain and delay the onset of dementia after there is sufficient neuropathology for a diagnosis of AD. This review describes some of the existing literature and also highlights gaps in our knowledge regarding AD neuropathology in DS. It will be critical in the future to develop networked brain banks with standardized collection procedures to fully characterize the regional and temporal pathological events associated with aging in DS. As more information is acquired regarding AD evolution in DS, there will be opportunities to develop interventions that are age-appropriate to delay AD in DS.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Head Elizabeth, T. Lott Ira, M. Wilcock Donna and A. Lemere Cynthia, Aging in Down Syndrome and the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology, Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666151020114607
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666151020114607 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Alzheimer's Disease Drug Development
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of research, no cure or disease-modifying treatment is available yet. Therefore, the need for developing effective therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease is an urgent matter. This special issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Lead Finding for Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Natural Origin: Structure Activity Relationship and Scope
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Alzheimers Disease and Immunotherapy
Current Alzheimer Research Neurotoxicity and Side-Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy [HAART] on the Central and Peripheral Nerve System
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Past and Future Perspectives of Synthetic Peptide Libraries
Current Protein & Peptide Science Developing Biomarkers for Methamphetamine Addiction
Current Neuropharmacology Targeting CNS Transporters for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Selective Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Functional Genomics Approach for Identification of Molecular Processes Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders in Prion Diseases
Current Genomics The Diagnostic Value of CSF Amyloid-β<sub>43</sub> in Differentiation of Dementia Syndromes
Current Alzheimer Research Past and Recent Progress of Molecular Imaging Probes for β-Amyloid Plaques in the Brain
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cardiotoxicity of Molecularly Targeted Agents
Current Cardiology Reviews Mean Platelet Volume: A Link Between Thrombosis and Inflammation?
Current Pharmaceutical Design EDITORIAL [Hot Topic: Diabetes Cardiovascular Complications (Guest Editor: Costanza Emanueli)]
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Fad Diets: Dietary Dilemmas, Predicaments, and Recommendations for its Use
Current Nutrition & Food Science Limonin, A Citrus Limonoid, had no Apparent Effect on Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Retinal Imaging: A New Tool for Studying Underlying Liability to Cardiovascular Disease in Schizophrenia
Current Psychiatry Reviews Potential Role of Neuroimaging Markers for Early Diagnosis of Dementia in Primary Care
Current Alzheimer Research Directing the Antiretroviral Drugs to the Brain Reservoir: A Nanoformulation Approach for NeuroAIDS
Current Drug Metabolism Severe Mental Disorders from a Cognitive-Behavioural Perspective: A Comprehensive Review from Conceptualization to Intervention
Current Psychiatry Reviews Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, a Potential Predicative Biomarker for Postoperative Delirium Among Elderly Patients with Open Abdominal Surgery
Current Pharmaceutical Design