Abstract
Blister formation in skin and mucous membranes results from a loss of cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion and is a common outcome of pathological events in a variety of conditions, including autoimmune and genetic diseases, viral and bacterial infections, or injury by physical and chemical factors. Autoantibodies against structural components maintaining cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion induce tissue damage in autoimmune blistering diseases. Detection of these autoantibodies either tissue-bound or circulating in serum is essential to diagnose the autoimmune nature of disease. Various immunofluorescence methods as well as molecular immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting, belong to the modern diagnostic algorithms for these disorders. There is still a considerable need to increase awareness of the rare autoimmune blistering diseases, which often show a severe, chronic-relapsing course, among physicians and the public. This review article describes the immunopathological features of autoimmune bullous diseases and the molecular immunoassays currently available for their diagnosis and monitoring.
Keywords: Autoantibodies, autoantigens, basement membrane, desmosome, ELISA, extracellular matrix, hemidesmosome, immunoassay, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy.
Current Molecular Medicine
Title:Molecular Diagnosis in Autoimmune Skin Blistering Conditions
Volume: 14 Issue: 1
Author(s): J.V. Otten, T. Hashimoto, M. Hertl, A.S. Payne and C. Sitaru
Affiliation:
Keywords: Autoantibodies, autoantigens, basement membrane, desmosome, ELISA, extracellular matrix, hemidesmosome, immunoassay, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy.
Abstract: Blister formation in skin and mucous membranes results from a loss of cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion and is a common outcome of pathological events in a variety of conditions, including autoimmune and genetic diseases, viral and bacterial infections, or injury by physical and chemical factors. Autoantibodies against structural components maintaining cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion induce tissue damage in autoimmune blistering diseases. Detection of these autoantibodies either tissue-bound or circulating in serum is essential to diagnose the autoimmune nature of disease. Various immunofluorescence methods as well as molecular immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting, belong to the modern diagnostic algorithms for these disorders. There is still a considerable need to increase awareness of the rare autoimmune blistering diseases, which often show a severe, chronic-relapsing course, among physicians and the public. This review article describes the immunopathological features of autoimmune bullous diseases and the molecular immunoassays currently available for their diagnosis and monitoring.
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Cite this article as:
Otten J.V., Hashimoto T., Hertl M., Payne A.S. and Sitaru C., Molecular Diagnosis in Autoimmune Skin Blistering Conditions, Current Molecular Medicine 2014; 14 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15665240113136660079
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15665240113136660079 |
Print ISSN 1566-5240 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5666 |
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