Abstract
The bacterial cell wall represents the primary target for antimicrobial agents. Microbial destruction is accompanied by the release of potent immunostimulatory membrane constituents. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria release a variety of lipoproteins and peptidoglycan fragments. Gram-positive bacteria additionally provide lipoteichoic acids, whereas Gram-negative bacteria also release lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), essential component of the outer leaflet of the bacterial cell wall and one of the most potent immunostimulatory molecules known. Immune activation therefore can be considered as an adverse effect of antimicrobial destruction and killing during anti-infective treatment. In contrast to antibiotics, the use of cationic amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides allows both effective bacterial killing and inhibition of the immunostimulatory effect of the released bacterial membrane constituents. The administration of antimicrobial peptides alone or in combination with antibiotic agents thus represents a novel strategy in the antiinfective treatment with potentially important beneficial aspects. Here, data are presented which describe immunological and clinical aspects of the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as therapeutic agents to treat bacterial infection and neutralize the immunostimulatory activity of released cell wall constituents.
Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, bacterial cell wall, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, antimicrobial peptides, immunostimulatory membrane, toll-like receptor, EGFR, Immune activation
Current Drug Targets
Title:Bacterial Cell Wall Compounds as Promising Targets of Antimicrobial Agents II. Immunological and Clinical Aspects
Volume: 13 Issue: 9
Author(s): Tobias Schuerholz, Sabine Domming, Mathias Hornef, Aline Dupont, Ina Kowalski, Yani Kaconis, Lena Heinbockel, Jorg Andra, Patrick Garidel, Thomas Gutsmann, Sunil David, Susana Sanchez-Gomez, Guillermo Martinez de Tejada and Klaus Brandenburg
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, bacterial cell wall, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, antimicrobial peptides, immunostimulatory membrane, toll-like receptor, EGFR, Immune activation
Abstract: The bacterial cell wall represents the primary target for antimicrobial agents. Microbial destruction is accompanied by the release of potent immunostimulatory membrane constituents. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria release a variety of lipoproteins and peptidoglycan fragments. Gram-positive bacteria additionally provide lipoteichoic acids, whereas Gram-negative bacteria also release lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), essential component of the outer leaflet of the bacterial cell wall and one of the most potent immunostimulatory molecules known. Immune activation therefore can be considered as an adverse effect of antimicrobial destruction and killing during anti-infective treatment. In contrast to antibiotics, the use of cationic amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides allows both effective bacterial killing and inhibition of the immunostimulatory effect of the released bacterial membrane constituents. The administration of antimicrobial peptides alone or in combination with antibiotic agents thus represents a novel strategy in the antiinfective treatment with potentially important beneficial aspects. Here, data are presented which describe immunological and clinical aspects of the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as therapeutic agents to treat bacterial infection and neutralize the immunostimulatory activity of released cell wall constituents.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Schuerholz Tobias, Domming Sabine, Hornef Mathias, Dupont Aline, Kowalski Ina, Kaconis Yani, Heinbockel Lena, Andra Jorg, Garidel Patrick, Gutsmann Thomas, David Sunil, Sanchez-Gomez Susana, Martinez de Tejada Guillermo and Brandenburg Klaus, Bacterial Cell Wall Compounds as Promising Targets of Antimicrobial Agents II. Immunological and Clinical Aspects, Current Drug Targets 2012; 13 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945012802002438
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945012802002438 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
RNA Molecules in the Treatment of Human Diseases
Messenger and non-coding RNAs, including long and small transcripts, are mediators of gene expression. Gene expression at the RNA level shows significant aberrations in human diseases, including cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Human transcripts serve either as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of treatment response and/or therapy ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Toll-Like Receptors: Link between “Danger” Ligands and Plaque Instability
Current Drug Targets Mediterranean Diet and Oxidation: Nuts and Olive Oil as Important Sources of Fat and Antioxidants
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Mycobacterial DNA GyrB Inhibitors: Ligand Based Pharmacophore Modelling and In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition Studies
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Endothelial Dysfunction: Methods of Assessment & Implications for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Discovery of Chromen-7-yl Furan-2-Carboxylate as a Potent and Selective Factor XIa Inhibitor
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Coronary Risk Factors in the Elderly: Their Interactions and Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mediterranean Diet and Hypertension; From the Clinical and Epidemiologic Evidences to Prevention
Current Hypertension Reviews Lipid Carriers for Gene Therapy
Current Drug Delivery Autoimmunity in Alzheimers Disease as Evidenced by Plasma Immunoreactivity Against RAGE and Aβ42: Complication of Diabetes
Current Alzheimer Research Obesity-Associated Hypertension in Childhood: A New Epidemic Problem
Current Hypertension Reviews Lower Serum Indirect Bilirubin Levels are Inversely Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression
Current Neurovascular Research Measurements of Thermodynamic Acid Dissociation Constants for Three HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors by using RPLC and Study of Validation in Pharmaceutical Tablets
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging Provides a Significant Tool for the Identification of Cardioembolic Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research Efficient Chemical Synthesis of a Scutellarein Derivative Containing Morpholine Ring
Letters in Organic Chemistry Heterogeneity of Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Prediction, Prevention and Treatment Responsiveness
Current Diabetes Reviews Lipid-based Self-Adjuvanting Vaccines
Current Drug Delivery The Adiponectin Signaling Pathway as a Novel Pharmacological Target
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Myocardial Infarction with Non Obstructive Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Case Report
New Emirates Medical Journal Female Sexual Dysfunction: Therapeutic Options and Experimental Challenges
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Tobacco Smoking and Association between Betel Nut Chewing and Metabolic Abnormalities Among Military Males: The CHIEF Study
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets