Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to treat acid-related diseases, most notably gastroesophageal reflux disease. PPIs are designed to shut down the gastric proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) of parietal cells, thereby raising the pH of the stomach. While effective, a number of side effects have been associated with PPI use. Naturally occurring bacteria, some of which are acid-producing and contain ATPase enzymes, have also been found within the stomach, upper gastrointestinal tract, and oral cavity. Likewise, a number of fungi are known to inhabit the human body; some of these fungi contain H+-ATPase enzymes. Recent literature has suggested that PPIs may be inadvertently affecting these bacteria and fungi in two different ways: 1) PPIs may directly target the proton pumps of the bacteria and fungi, and/or 2) PPIs may indirectly affect the microenvironment of the flora via changes in pH. These unintended interactions are exasperated by the systemic distribution of PPIs throughout the body and may potentially lead to some of the side effects observed with PPI use. Herein we summarize what is currently known about the interactions between the PPIs and the natural human microbiota.
Keywords: Bacteria, C. difficile, fungi, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), H. pylori, Lactobacilli, microbiota, proton pump inhibitors, (PPIs)
Current Drug Metabolism
Title: The Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Human Microbiota
Volume: 10 Issue: 1
Author(s): B. J. Vesper, A. Jawdi, K. W. Altman, G. K. Haines III, L. Tao and J. A. Radosevich
Affiliation:
Keywords: Bacteria, C. difficile, fungi, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), H. pylori, Lactobacilli, microbiota, proton pump inhibitors, (PPIs)
Abstract: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to treat acid-related diseases, most notably gastroesophageal reflux disease. PPIs are designed to shut down the gastric proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) of parietal cells, thereby raising the pH of the stomach. While effective, a number of side effects have been associated with PPI use. Naturally occurring bacteria, some of which are acid-producing and contain ATPase enzymes, have also been found within the stomach, upper gastrointestinal tract, and oral cavity. Likewise, a number of fungi are known to inhabit the human body; some of these fungi contain H+-ATPase enzymes. Recent literature has suggested that PPIs may be inadvertently affecting these bacteria and fungi in two different ways: 1) PPIs may directly target the proton pumps of the bacteria and fungi, and/or 2) PPIs may indirectly affect the microenvironment of the flora via changes in pH. These unintended interactions are exasperated by the systemic distribution of PPIs throughout the body and may potentially lead to some of the side effects observed with PPI use. Herein we summarize what is currently known about the interactions between the PPIs and the natural human microbiota.
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Cite this article as:
Vesper J. B., Jawdi A., Altman W. K., Haines III K. G., Tao L. and Radosevich A. J., The Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Human Microbiota, Current Drug Metabolism 2009; 10 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920009787048392
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920009787048392 |
Print ISSN 1389-2002 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5453 |
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