Abstract
Developing therapeutics for traumatic brain injury remains a challenge for all stages of recovery. The pathological features of traumatic brain injury are diverse, and it remains an obstacle to be able to target the wide range of pathologies that vary between traumatic brain injured patients and that evolve during recovery. One promising therapeutic avenue is to target the second messengers cAMP and cGMP with phosphodiesterase inhibitors due to their broad effects within the nervous system. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors have the capability to target different injury mechanisms throughout the time course of recovery after brain injury. Inflammation and neuronal death are early targets of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and synaptic dysfunction and circuitry remodeling are late potential targets of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This review will discuss how signaling through cyclic nucleotides contributes to the pathology of traumatic brain injury in the acute and chronic stages of recovery. We will review our current knowledge of the successes and challenges of using phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and conclude with important considerations in developing phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutics for brain trauma.
Keywords: cAMP, cognition, CREB, hippocampus, inflammation, long-term potentiation, phosphodiesterase, protein kinase A, rolipram, synaptic plasticity, traumatic brain injury.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as Therapeutics for Traumatic Brain Injury
Volume: 21 Issue: 3
Author(s): David J. Titus, Anthony A. Oliva, Nicole M. Wilson and Coleen M. Atkins
Affiliation:
Keywords: cAMP, cognition, CREB, hippocampus, inflammation, long-term potentiation, phosphodiesterase, protein kinase A, rolipram, synaptic plasticity, traumatic brain injury.
Abstract: Developing therapeutics for traumatic brain injury remains a challenge for all stages of recovery. The pathological features of traumatic brain injury are diverse, and it remains an obstacle to be able to target the wide range of pathologies that vary between traumatic brain injured patients and that evolve during recovery. One promising therapeutic avenue is to target the second messengers cAMP and cGMP with phosphodiesterase inhibitors due to their broad effects within the nervous system. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors have the capability to target different injury mechanisms throughout the time course of recovery after brain injury. Inflammation and neuronal death are early targets of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and synaptic dysfunction and circuitry remodeling are late potential targets of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This review will discuss how signaling through cyclic nucleotides contributes to the pathology of traumatic brain injury in the acute and chronic stages of recovery. We will review our current knowledge of the successes and challenges of using phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and conclude with important considerations in developing phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutics for brain trauma.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Titus J. David, Oliva A. Anthony, Wilson M. Nicole and Atkins M. Coleen, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as Therapeutics for Traumatic Brain Injury, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140826113731
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140826113731 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
?Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Nano-Therapeutics Targeting Tumor Microenvironment?
This thematic issue explores the forefront of cancer treatment, centering on the groundbreaking potential of nano-therapeutics meticulously designed to target the tumor microenvironment. At its core, the issue aims to unravel the latest advancements in nanotechnology, showcasing innovative materials, formulations, and delivery systems that hold promise for redefining cancer therapeutics. ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment in Retinal Vein Occlusions
Current Drug Therapy A Scientometrics Analysis and Visualization of Depressive Disorder
Current Neuropharmacology Scientific Basis for the Use of Indian Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: 1. Ashwagandha
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Renal Cytochrome P450-Derived Eicosanoids and Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Dissecting the Biological Effects of Isoflurane through the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and microRNAs (miRNAs)
Current Neurovascular Research A Review on Possible Therapeutic Effect of Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone in Neurodegenerative Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets A New Therapeutic Approach for Brain Delivery of Epigallocatechin Gallate: Development and Characterization Studies
Current Drug Delivery Anthocyanins as a Potential Therapy for Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Current Signal Transduction Therapy for Brain Tumors Review Article
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Shut-Down of Translation, a Global Neuronal Stress Response:Mechanisms and Pathological Relevance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Safety of Therapeutics Used in Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants
Current Drug Safety Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current State
Current Pharmaceutical Design Protectors of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Activated by Iron and Doxorubicin
Current Cancer Drug Targets Polymeric Nanomicelles of Soluplus® as a Strategy for Enhancing the Solubility, Bioavailability and Efficacy of Poorly Soluble Active Compounds
Current Nanomedicine Healing the Diabetic Heart: Modulation of Cardiometabolic Syndrome through Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs)
Current Molecular Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology of Theophylline in Preterm Infants: Effects, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
Current Pediatric Reviews Stem Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Motor Neuron Protection or Replacement?
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Hepatic Encephalopathy: Cause and Possible Management with Botanicals
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Tailored Angiogenesis Inhibition in Cancer Therapy: Respecting the Heart to Improve the Net Outcome
Current Signal Transduction Therapy