Abstract
The so-called demographic transition has changed the age structure of the population worldwide, with profound effects on societal organization. The growing number and percentage of old and very old people has compelled the scientific community to focus on age related diseases and peculiar consequences of aging itself such as disability and frailty. Understanding the pathophysiology of frailty, a syndrome characterized by a reduced functional reserve and impaired adaptive capacity that results from cumulative declines of multiple subsystems, and causes increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes, is a major topic in aging research. Aging processes induce multiple changes in the hormones network (menopause, andropause, somatopause and adrenopause), in the immune system, and can modulate their efficiency and effectiveness in determining a response to stressors. These triggering events can unmask frailty in older people. Starting from these assumptions, we analyzed the relationship of the endocrine and immune networks in aging and in the different domains that are characteristically associated with the frailty syndrome, such as disability and sarcopenia, as well as in diseases related to aging such as Alzheimers dementia and Congestive Heart Failure.
Keywords: Frailty, Hormones, Cytokines, Disability, Aging
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Frailty of Older Age: The Role of the Endocrine - Immune Interaction
Volume: 12 Issue: 24
Author(s): R. Paganelli, A. Di Iorio, A. Cherubini, F. Lauretani, C. Mussi, S. Volpato, M. Abate, G. Abate and L. Ferrucci
Affiliation:
Keywords: Frailty, Hormones, Cytokines, Disability, Aging
Abstract: The so-called demographic transition has changed the age structure of the population worldwide, with profound effects on societal organization. The growing number and percentage of old and very old people has compelled the scientific community to focus on age related diseases and peculiar consequences of aging itself such as disability and frailty. Understanding the pathophysiology of frailty, a syndrome characterized by a reduced functional reserve and impaired adaptive capacity that results from cumulative declines of multiple subsystems, and causes increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes, is a major topic in aging research. Aging processes induce multiple changes in the hormones network (menopause, andropause, somatopause and adrenopause), in the immune system, and can modulate their efficiency and effectiveness in determining a response to stressors. These triggering events can unmask frailty in older people. Starting from these assumptions, we analyzed the relationship of the endocrine and immune networks in aging and in the different domains that are characteristically associated with the frailty syndrome, such as disability and sarcopenia, as well as in diseases related to aging such as Alzheimers dementia and Congestive Heart Failure.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Paganelli R., Di Iorio A., Cherubini A., Lauretani F., Mussi C., Volpato S., Abate M., Abate G. and Ferrucci L., Frailty of Older Age: The Role of the Endocrine - Immune Interaction, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (24) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206777947533
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206777947533 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
?Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Nano-Therapeutics Targeting Tumor Microenvironment?
This thematic issue explores the forefront of cancer treatment, centering on the groundbreaking potential of nano-therapeutics meticulously designed to target the tumor microenvironment. At its core, the issue aims to unravel the latest advancements in nanotechnology, showcasing innovative materials, formulations, and delivery systems that hold promise for redefining cancer therapeutics. ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Non-viral Delivery Systems for the Application in p53 Cancer Gene Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Effectiveness and Safety of Digoxin on Chronic Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Plastid Molecular Pharming II. Production of Biopharmaceuticals by Plastid Transformation
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Anagliptin, A Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Ameliorates Arterial Stiffness in Association with Reduction of Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol and Alanine Transaminase Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Current Vascular Pharmacology Role of Endogenous Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Following Stroke and Relationship to Neurological Outcome
Current Neurovascular Research Adipose Tissue Oxygenation in Obesity: A Matter of Cardiovascular Risk?
Current Pharmaceutical Design PIM1 Kinase as a Target in Prostate Cancer: Roles in Tumorigenesis, Castration Resistance, and Docetaxel Resistance
Current Cancer Drug Targets Editorial [Hot Topic: Exploiting the Peptide Pool: New Structures, Novel Functions and Therapeutic Opportunities (Guest Editor: Knut Adermann)]
Current Protein & Peptide Science Role of Pharmacotherapy in Cardiac Ion Channelopathies
Current Vascular Pharmacology Regulation of Inflammation and Myocardial Fibrosis in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Can Decision Making Research Provide a Better Understanding of Chemical and Behavioral Addictions?
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Cell Sheet-Based Myocardial Tissue Engineering: New Hope for Damaged Heart Rescue
Current Pharmaceutical Design Phytochemical Characterization of Prickly Pear (Opuntia spp.) and of its Nutritional and Functional Properties: A Review
Current Nutrition & Food Science Obesity and Arterial Compliance Alterations
Current Vascular Pharmacology Microalbuminuria In Primary Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Regulation of Cardiac Nerves: A New Paradigm in The Management of Sudden Cardiac Death?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Remote Control of Pulmonary Blood Flow
Current Cardiology Reviews Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Novel Therapy in Gastrointestinal Tract
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hypertension in Older Patients
Current Hypertension Reviews Vascular Disease and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued)