Abstract
For the immune system to mount an effective antitumor T-cell response, an adequate number of T-cells specific for the antigens expressed by the malignancy must be activated [1]. Since most antigens expressed by tumors are "self"- antigens, tumor antigens often lack endogenous immunogenicity and thus do not sufficiently activate T-cells to levels that can mediate tumor eradication. In addition, virtually all solid tumor cells lack the costimulatory molecules necessary to activate tumor-specific T-cells. Approaches that stimulate immune responses to these tumor antigens have the potential to alter this poor responsiveness. This theory has promoted the use of active immunotherapy to generate immune responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) for the treatment of cancer. As one such vaccine strategy, we have utilized poxviruses as delivery vehicles for TAAs in combination with T-cell costimulatory molecules. Initial studies have demonstrated that the insertion of costimulatory molecule trangenes into viral vectors, along with a TAA transgene, greatly enhances the immune response to the antigen. Using this approach, a TRIad of COstimulatory Molecules (TRICOM; B7-1, ICAM-1 and LFA-3) has been shown to enhance T-cell responses to TAAs to levels far greater than any one or two of the costimulatory molecules in combination. In this article, preclinical findings and recent clinical applications of TRICOMbased vaccines as a cancer immunotherapy are reviewed.
Keywords: TRICOM, costimulation, vaccination, TAA, cancer immunotherapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: TRICOM Vector Based Cancer Vaccines
Volume: 12 Issue: 3
Author(s): Charlie T. Garnett, John W. Greiner, Kwong-Yok Tsang, Chie Kudo-Saito, Douglas W. Grosenbach, Mala Chakraborty, James L. Gulley, Philip M. Arlen, Jeffrey Schlom and James W. Hodge
Affiliation:
Keywords: TRICOM, costimulation, vaccination, TAA, cancer immunotherapy
Abstract: For the immune system to mount an effective antitumor T-cell response, an adequate number of T-cells specific for the antigens expressed by the malignancy must be activated [1]. Since most antigens expressed by tumors are "self"- antigens, tumor antigens often lack endogenous immunogenicity and thus do not sufficiently activate T-cells to levels that can mediate tumor eradication. In addition, virtually all solid tumor cells lack the costimulatory molecules necessary to activate tumor-specific T-cells. Approaches that stimulate immune responses to these tumor antigens have the potential to alter this poor responsiveness. This theory has promoted the use of active immunotherapy to generate immune responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) for the treatment of cancer. As one such vaccine strategy, we have utilized poxviruses as delivery vehicles for TAAs in combination with T-cell costimulatory molecules. Initial studies have demonstrated that the insertion of costimulatory molecule trangenes into viral vectors, along with a TAA transgene, greatly enhances the immune response to the antigen. Using this approach, a TRIad of COstimulatory Molecules (TRICOM; B7-1, ICAM-1 and LFA-3) has been shown to enhance T-cell responses to TAAs to levels far greater than any one or two of the costimulatory molecules in combination. In this article, preclinical findings and recent clinical applications of TRICOMbased vaccines as a cancer immunotherapy are reviewed.
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Garnett T. Charlie, Greiner W. John, Tsang Kwong-Yok, Kudo-Saito Chie, Grosenbach W. Douglas, Chakraborty Mala, Gulley L. James, Arlen M. Philip, Schlom Jeffrey and Hodge W. James, TRICOM Vector Based Cancer Vaccines, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206775201929
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206775201929 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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