Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme is responsible for the formation of important biological mediators including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane to trigger many physiological and patho-physiological responses. COXs exist in two distinct isoforms, a constitutively expressed form (COX-1) and an inducible form (COX-2). COX-2 is involved in the body’s response to inflammation and pain. Moreover, it has also been shown that COX-2 is overexpressed in many human cancers, and that COX-2 is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. COX-2 inhibitors are among the most widely used therapeutics for the treatment of chronic and acute pain and inflammation. Non-invasive monitoring of COX-2 functional expression by means of nuclear molecular imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) might provide unique opportunities to obtain data on COX-2 expression levels during disease manifestation and progression to study potential roles of COX-2 under various pathological conditions. The present review summarizes recent research efforts directed to the design and synthesis of radiotracers as molecular probes with special emphasis on COX-2 imaging.
Keywords: Cyclooxygenase-2, radiotracer, molecular imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Radiotracers for Molecular Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Enzyme
Volume: 20 Issue: 35
Author(s): O. Tietz, A. Marshall, M. Wuest, M. Wang and F. Wuest
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cyclooxygenase-2, radiotracer, molecular imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography.
Abstract: Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme is responsible for the formation of important biological mediators including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane to trigger many physiological and patho-physiological responses. COXs exist in two distinct isoforms, a constitutively expressed form (COX-1) and an inducible form (COX-2). COX-2 is involved in the body’s response to inflammation and pain. Moreover, it has also been shown that COX-2 is overexpressed in many human cancers, and that COX-2 is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. COX-2 inhibitors are among the most widely used therapeutics for the treatment of chronic and acute pain and inflammation. Non-invasive monitoring of COX-2 functional expression by means of nuclear molecular imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) might provide unique opportunities to obtain data on COX-2 expression levels during disease manifestation and progression to study potential roles of COX-2 under various pathological conditions. The present review summarizes recent research efforts directed to the design and synthesis of radiotracers as molecular probes with special emphasis on COX-2 imaging.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tietz O., Marshall A., Wuest M., Wang M. and Wuest F., Radiotracers for Molecular Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Enzyme, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 20 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/09298673113206660260
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/09298673113206660260 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
New Avenue of Research: Antiepileptic Drug and Estradiol Neuroprotection in Epilepsy
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Green Approaches for Cancers Management: An Effective Tool for Health Care
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Repair and Disease Modification
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Trichothecin from Endophytic Fungus Trichothecium sp. and its Anticancer Effect on Murine Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Current Biochemical Engineering (Discontinued) Novel Strategies in Cancer Therapeutics: Targeting Enzymes Involved in Cell Cycle Regulation and Cellular Proliferation
Current Cancer Drug Targets Copper Complexes of 8-Aminoquinoline and Uracils as Novel Aromatase Inhibitors
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Editorial: [Exciting Discoveries About New p53 Target Genes, Cancer Drugs and Diagnostic Tools, and Mechanisms of Various Human Diseases]
Current Molecular Medicine Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Methylnaltrexone Using an Emulsion Formulation
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery G Protein-Coupled Receptor Transmembrane Binding Pockets and their Applications in GPCR Research and Drug Discovery: A Survey
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Emerging Role of Antioxidants in the Protection of Uveitis Complications
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Complex Dynamics of Breast Cancer
Current Women`s Health Reviews A Sustainable Approach to Bis-Indole Synthesis Using Propylene Carbonate as an Eco-Friendly Solvent
Current Organic Synthesis Insight View on Possible Role of Fluoroquinolones in Cancer Therapy
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Radioactive Gold Nanoparticle in Two Forms (<sup>198</sup><sub>79</sub>Au GNPs and <sup>99m</sup>Tc-GNPs) for Lung Cancer Antiproliferative Induction and Intralesional Imaging: A Proof of Concept
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cellular Based Cancer Vaccines: Type 1 Polarization of Dendritic Cells
Current Medicinal Chemistry Emerging Insights in the Role of Tissue Factor in Cancer
Current Genomics Intraperitoneal Drug Therapy: An Advantage
Current Clinical Pharmacology Diagnosis of Diabetes in a Diabetic Patients Urine and Blood Using a Combination Electrode with a Ubiquitous Handheld Analyzer
Current Analytical Chemistry RAN GTPase as a Target for Cancer Therapy: Ran Binding Proteins
Current Molecular Medicine IL-2 Receptor Targeted Immunomodulatory Biologics: The Past, Present, and Future
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued)