Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that malignant transformation is associated with an increase in glycolytic flux and in anaerobic and aerobic cellular lactate excretion. Using quantitative bioluminescence imaging in various primary carcinomas in patients (uterine cervix, head and neck, colorectal region) at first diagnosis of the disease, we showed that lactate concentrations in tumors in vivo could be relatively low or extremely high (up to 40 μmol / g) in different individual tumors or within the same lesion. In all tumor entities investigated, high molar concentrations of lactate were correlated with a high incidence of distant metastasis already in an early stage of the disease. Low lactate tumors ( < median of approx. 8 μmol / g) were associated with both a longer overall and disease free survival compared to high lactate lesions (lactate > approx. 8 μmol / g). Lactate dehydrogenase was found to be upregulated in most of these tumors compared to surrounding normal tissue. Numerous recent reports support these data by demonstrating various biological activities of lactate that can enhance the malignant behavior of cancer cells. These mechanisms include the activation of hyaluronan synthesis by tumor-associated fibroblasts, upregulation of VEGF and of HIF-1alpha, and direct enhancement of cellular motility which generates favorable conditions for metastatic spread. Thus, lactate accumulation not only mirrors but also actively enhances the degree of tumor malignancy. We propose that determination of lactate in primary tumors may serve as a basis for a novel metabolic classification which can lead to an improvement of prognosis and therapy in clinical oncology.
Keywords: bioluminescence, metabolic imaging, human tumors, lactate, malignant behavior
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Lactate in Solid Malignant Tumors: Potential Basis of a Metabolic Classification in Clinical Oncology
Volume: 11 Issue: 16
Author(s): S. Walenta, T. Schroeder and W. Mueller-Klieser
Affiliation:
Keywords: bioluminescence, metabolic imaging, human tumors, lactate, malignant behavior
Abstract: A number of studies have demonstrated that malignant transformation is associated with an increase in glycolytic flux and in anaerobic and aerobic cellular lactate excretion. Using quantitative bioluminescence imaging in various primary carcinomas in patients (uterine cervix, head and neck, colorectal region) at first diagnosis of the disease, we showed that lactate concentrations in tumors in vivo could be relatively low or extremely high (up to 40 μmol / g) in different individual tumors or within the same lesion. In all tumor entities investigated, high molar concentrations of lactate were correlated with a high incidence of distant metastasis already in an early stage of the disease. Low lactate tumors ( < median of approx. 8 μmol / g) were associated with both a longer overall and disease free survival compared to high lactate lesions (lactate > approx. 8 μmol / g). Lactate dehydrogenase was found to be upregulated in most of these tumors compared to surrounding normal tissue. Numerous recent reports support these data by demonstrating various biological activities of lactate that can enhance the malignant behavior of cancer cells. These mechanisms include the activation of hyaluronan synthesis by tumor-associated fibroblasts, upregulation of VEGF and of HIF-1alpha, and direct enhancement of cellular motility which generates favorable conditions for metastatic spread. Thus, lactate accumulation not only mirrors but also actively enhances the degree of tumor malignancy. We propose that determination of lactate in primary tumors may serve as a basis for a novel metabolic classification which can lead to an improvement of prognosis and therapy in clinical oncology.
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Cite this article as:
Walenta S., Schroeder T. and Mueller-Klieser W., Lactate in Solid Malignant Tumors: Potential Basis of a Metabolic Classification in Clinical Oncology, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 11 (16) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043364711
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043364711 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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