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Towards precision medicine: from quantitative imaging to radiomics

精准医学发展趋势:从定量成像到放射组学

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Abstract

Radiology (imaging) and imaging-guided interventions, which provide multi-parametric morphologic and functional information, are playing an increasingly significant role in precision medicine. Radiologists are trained to understand the imaging phenotypes, transcribe those observations (phenotypes) to correlate with underlying diseases and to characterize the images. However, in order to understand and characterize the molecular phenotype (to obtain genomic information) of solid heterogeneous tumours, the advanced sequencing of those tissues using biopsy is required. Thus, radiologists image the tissues from various views and angles in order to have the complete image phenotypes, thereby acquiring a huge amount of data. Deriving meaningful details from all these radiological data becomes challenging and raises the big data issues. Therefore, interest in the application of radiomics has been growing in recent years as it has the potential to provide significant interpretive and predictive information for decision support. Radiomics is a combination of conventional computer-aided diagnosis, deep learning methods, and human skills, and thus can be used for quantitative characterization of tumour phenotypes. This paper discusses the overview of radiomics workflow, the results of various radiomics-based studies conducted using various radiological images such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron-emission tomography (PET), the challenges we are facing, and the potential contribution of radiomics towards precision medicine.

摘要

放射学(影像学)及影像引导的介入手段能提供 多参数的形态学及功能信息,在精准医学中扮演 着越来越重要的角色。因此,放射科医生需要理 解影像表型,并将这些表型与潜在的疾病相关 联,进而描述图像特征。但是为了能理解并描述 异质性实体肿瘤的分子表型(基因组学信息), 就需要通过活检取得这些组织更进一步的序列 信息。因此,放射科医生为了能获得详尽的影像 表型,需要从不同视图和角度采集图像,而这就 产生了大量的数据。从所有这些影像数据中提取 有意义的细节非常具有挑战性,并衍生出了大数 据这个命题。因为影像组学有对诊断支持提供有 意义的诠释性和预测性信息的潜力,所以近年来 对于影像组学的关注越来越多。影像组学是传统 的计算机辅助诊断、深度学习和人类技能的结 合,因此它能被用来定量描述肿瘤表型。本文对 影像组学流程的概览、基于不同手段(如计算机 断层扫描(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)和正电子 发射计算机断层扫描(PET))的影像组学研究结 果、面临的挑战和影像组学对于精准医学潜在的 贡献等方面进行了讨论。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, 599489, Singapore

    U. Rajendra Acharya, Yuki Hagiwara & Vidya K. Sudarshan

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, 599494, Singapore

    U. Rajendra Acharya

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

    U. Rajendra Acharya

  4. Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

    Wai Yee Chan & Kwan Hoong Ng

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  1. U. Rajendra Acharya
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Acharya, U.R., Hagiwara, Y., Sudarshan, V.K. et al. Towards precision medicine: from quantitative imaging to radiomics. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 19, 6–24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1700260

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