Abstract
Background:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is speculated to have an impaired immunological response to vaccines. This paper aimed to investigate the presence of specific antibodies against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and measles in diabetic children who had been immunized according to the standard national calendar of immunization.
Methods:
Two hundred and one diabetic children and 140 healthy controls were prospectively evaluated. Antibodies against hepatitis B (anti-HBs) and measles were detected in all individuals who completed the vaccination schedule. We noted onset of T1DM, duration of the disease, diabetes-related autoantibodies and mean HbA1c levels.
Results:
Some 72.6% of diabetics and 82.1% of controls had anti-HBs (+) (p=0.04). We found a reduced efficacy of measles vaccination in anti-HBs (–) diabetic children (p=0.009), even though there was no significant difference between the study and control groups. Onset of the disease was earlier in anti-HBs (–) diabetics than in controls (p=0.038). No difference with respect to other parameters was found.
Conclusions:
Our data showed a reduced seroprotection rate for HBV vaccination in diabetic children and for measles with anti-HBs (–) diabetics. Larger studies should be encouraged to confirm the vaccine efficacy in diabetic children and to elucidate possible pathogenic mechanisms.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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