Skip to main content

HBV Vaccine-Escape Variants

  • Protocol
Hepatitis B and D Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Medicine ((MIMM,volume 95))

Abstract

The classical method for typing and subtyping individual hepatitis B viruses (HBV) is serotyping. Although serotyping has generally been useful for determining antigenic distinctions among viruses, some limitations have been observed. For example, some viruses, such as measles and cytomegalovirus (CMV), do not have significant antigenic differences and cannot be divided into types and subtypes. In addition, serotyping does not usually have the ability to distinguish individual isolates within a serotype. Molecular methods can circumvent such limitations and allow comprehensive and precise characterization of individual viruses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ganem, D. (1996) Hepadnaviridae and their viral replication. In: Fields B. N. (ed.) Fields Virology, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 2703–2737.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bozkaya, H., Akarca, U. S., Ayola, B., and Lok, A. S. (1997) High degree of conservation in the hepatitis B virus core gene during the immune tolerant phase in perinatally acquired chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J. Hepatol. 26, 508–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hannoun, C., Horal, P., and Lindh, M. (2000) Long-term mutation rates in the hepatitis B virus genome. J. Gen. Virol. 81, 75–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Okamoto, H., Imai, M., Kametani, M., Nakamura, T., and Mayumi, M. (1987) Genomic heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus in a 54-year-old woman who contracted the infection through materno-fetal transmission. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 57, 231–236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Preisler-Adams, S., Schlayer, H. J., Peters, T., Hettler, F., Gerok, W. and Rasenack, J. (1993) Sequence analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA in immunologically negative infection. Arch. Virol. 133, 385–396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Carman, W. F., Zanetti, A. R., Karayiannis, P., et al. (1990) Vaccine-induced escape mutant of hepatitis B virus. Lancet 336, 325–329.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hawkins, A. E., Gilson, R. J., Gilbert, N., et al. (1996) Hepatitis B virus surface mutations associated with infection after liver transplantation. J. Hepatol. 24, 8–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tipples, G. A., Ma, M. M., Fischer, K. P., Bain, V. G., Kneteman, N. M., and Tyrrell, D. L. (1996) Mutation in HBV RNA-dependent DNA polymerase confers resistance to lamivudine in vivo. Hepatology 24, 714–717.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Protzer-Knolle, U., Naumann, U., Bartenschlager, R., et al. (1998) Hepatitis B virus with antigenically altered hepatitis B surface antigen is selected by high-dose hepatitis B immune globulin after liver transplantation. Hepatology 27, 254–263.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Okamoto, H., Yano, K., Nozaki, Y., et al. (1992) Mutations within the S gene of hepatitis B virus transmitted from mothers to babies immunized with hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine. Pediatr. Res. 32, 264 to 268.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Oon, C. J., Lim, G. K., Ye, Z., et al. (1995) Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus vaccine variants in Singapore. Vaccine 13, 699–702.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hsu, H.Y., Chang, M.H., Liaw, S. H., Ni, Y. H., and Chen, H. L. (1999) Changes of hepatitis B surface antigen variants in carrier children before and after universal vaccination in Taiwan. Hepatology 30, 1312–1317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Karthigesu, V. D., Allison, L. M., Fortuin, M., Mendy, M., Whittle, H.C. and Howard, C. R. (1994) A novel hepatitis B virus variant in the sera of immunized children. J. Gen. Virol. 75, 443–448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Carman, W. F., Van Deursen, F. J., Mimms, L. T., et al. (1997) The prevalence of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus in Papua New Guinea, South Africa, and Sardinia. Hepatology 26, 1658–1666.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Coleman, P.F., Chen, Y. C., and Mushahwar, I. K. (1999) Immunoassay detection of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants. J. Med. Virol. 59, 19–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Miyake, Y., Oda, T., Li, R., and Sugiyama, K. (1996) A comparison of amino acid sequences of hepatitis B virus S gene in 46 children presenting various clinical features for immunoprophylaxis. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 180, 233–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Oon C. J., Chen, W.N., Shiuan, K., and Lim, G. K. (1999) Identification of hepatitis B surface antigen variants with alterations outside the “a” determinant in immunized Singapore infants. J. Infect. Dis. 179, 259–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wallace, L.A., and Carman, W. F. (1997) Surface gene variation of HBV: scientific and medical relevance. Viral Hepatitis Rev. 3, 5–16.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Shih, J. W., Cheung, L. C., Alter, H. J., Lee, L. M., and Gu, J. R. (1991) Strain analysis of hepatitis B virus on the basis of restriction endonuclease analysis of polymerase chain reaction products. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29, 1640–1644.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lindh, M., Andersson, A. S., and Gusdal, A. (1997) Genotypes, nt 1858 variants, and geographic origin of hepatitis B virus—large-scale analysis using a new genotyping method. J. Infect. Dis. 175, 1285–1293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mizokami, M., Nakano, T., Orito, E., et al. (1999) Hepatitis B virus genotype assignment using restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. FEBS Lett. 450, 66–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Okamoto, H., Tsuda, F., Sakugawa, H., et al. (1988) Typing hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence: comparison of surface antigen subtypes. J. Gen. Virol. 69, 2575–2583.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Norder, H., Hammas, B., Lofdahl, S., Courouce, A. M., and Magnius, L. O. (1992) Comparison of the amino acid sequences of nine different serotypes of hepatitis B surface antigen and genomic classification of the corresponding hepatitis B virus strains. J. Gen. Virol. 73, 1201–1208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Stuyver, L., De Gendt, S., Van Geyt, C., et al. (2000) A new genotype of hepatitis B virus: complete genome and phylogenetic relatedness. J. Gen. Virol. 81, 67–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Norder, H., Courouce, A.M., and Magnius, L.O. (1992) Molecular basis of hepatitis B virus serotype variations within the four major subtypes. J. Gen. Virol. 73, 3141–3145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Norder, H., Courouce, A. M., and Magnius, L. O. (1994) Complete genomes, phylogenetic relatedness, and structural proteins of six strains of the hepatitis B virus, four of which represent two new genotypes. Virology 198, 489–503.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Arauz-Ruiz, P., Norder, H., Visona, K. A., and Magnius, L. O. (1997) Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Central America reflected in the genetic variability of the small S gene. J. Infect. Dis. 176, 851–858.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Page, R.D.M., and Holmes, E.C. (1998) Molecular Evolution A Phylogenetic Approach. Blackwell Science, London.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Bandelt, H. J., Forster, P., Sykes, B. C., and Richards, M. B. (1995) Mitochondrial portraits of human populations using median networks. Genetics 141, 743–753.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bandelt, H. J., Forster, P., and Rohl, A. (1999). Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 37–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Basuni, A.A., Carman, W.F. (2004). HBV Vaccine-Escape Variants. In: Hamatake, R.K., Lau, J.Y.N. (eds) Hepatitis B and D Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol 95. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-669-X:115

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-669-X:115

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-105-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-669-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics