Regulation of Alternative Splicing by snoRNAs

Abstract

The SNURF-SNRPN locus located on chromosome 15 is maternally imprinted and generates a large transcript containing atleast 148 exons. Loss of the paternal allele causes Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The 3′ end of the transcript harbors severalevolutionarily conserved C/D box small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that are tissue-specifically expressed. With the exceptionof 47 copies of HBII-52 snoRNAs, none of the snoRNAs exhibit complementarity to known RNAs. Due to an 18-nucleotidesequence complementarity, HBII-52 can bind to the alternatively spliced exon Vb of the serotonin receptor 2C pre-mRNA,where it masks a splicing silencer, which results in alternative exon usage. This silencer can also be destroyed by RNA editing,which changes the amino acid sequence and appears to be independent of HBII-52. Lack of HBII-52 expression in individualswith PWS causes most likely a lack of the high-efficacy serotonin receptor, which could contribute to the disease. It istherefore possible that snoRNAs could act as versatile modulators of gene expression by modulating alternative splicing.