Abstract
FRA-1, a member of the FOS family of transcription factors, is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors, and contributes to tumor progression. In addition to mitogens, various toxicants and carcinogens persistently induce FRA-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Although the mitogen induced expression of c-FOS is relatively well understood, it is poorly defined in the case of FRA-1. Our recent analysis of the FRA-1 promoter has shown a critical role for a TRE located at −318 in mediating the TPA-induced expression. The −379 to −283 bp promoter segment containing a critical TRE (−318), however, is insufficient for the induction of FRA-1 promoter. Here, we show that a 40-bp (−276/−237) segment, comprising a TCF binding site and the CArG box (collectively known as serum response element, SRE), and an ATF site, is also necessary for the FRA-1 induction by TPA and EGF. Interestingly, the −283 to +32 bp FRA-1 promoter fragment containing an SRE and an ATF site alone was also insufficient to confer TPA sensitivity to a reporter gene. However, in association with the −318 TRE, the SRE and ATF sites imparted a strong TPA-inducibility to the reporter. Similarly, EGF also required these motifs for the full induction of this gene. Using ChIP assays we show that, in contrast to c-Jun, SRF, Elk1, ATF1 and CREB proteins bind to SRE and ATF sites of the FRA-1 promoter, constitutively. RNAi-mediated knockdown of endogenous SRF, ELK1 and c-JUN protein expression significantly reduced TPA-stimulated FRA-1 promoter activity. Thus, a bipartite enhancer formed by an upstream TRE and the downstream SRE and ATF sites and the cognate factors is necessary and sufficient for the regulation of FRA-1 in response to mitogens.
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Abbreviations
- AP-1:
-
activator protein-1
- ATF:
-
activating transcription factor
- ChIP:
-
chromatin immunoprecipitation
- EBS:
-
Ets-binding site
- EMSA:
-
electrophoretic mobility shift assay
- FRA-1 or FOSL-1:
-
fos-related antigen 1
- Luc:
-
luciferase
- TCF:
-
ternary complex factor
- TPA:
-
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- TRE:
-
TPA response element
- SRF:
-
serum response factor
- SRE:
-
serum response element
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Acknowledgements
We thank Jawed Alam, Michael Birrer, Ron Prywes and Andrew Sharrocks for providing various expression vectors used in this study. This work was supported by NIH Grants ES011863, HL58122 and HL66109 (to SPR) and CA105005 and CA78282 (to DVK). We acknowledge the Johns Hopkins Urban Environmental Health Center for use of its core facilities, supported by grant ES30819.
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Adiseshaiah, P., Peddakama, S., Zhang, Q. et al. Mitogen regulated induction of FRA-1 proto-oncogene is controlled by the transcription factors binding to both serum and TPA response elements. Oncogene 24, 4193–4205 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208583
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208583
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