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Muscle adiposity and body fat distribution in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: varying relationships according to diabetes type

International Journal of Obesity volume 30, pages 1721–1728 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective:

To compare the relationships between markers of total and regional adiposity with muscle fat infiltration in type 1 diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects and their respective nondiabetic controls, and to document these relationships in type 1 diabetic subjects.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Subjects:

In total, 86 healthy, with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or control subjects. Each diabetic group was matched for age, sex and body mass index with its respective nondiabetic control group.

Measurements:

Measures of body composition (hydrodensitometry), fat distribution (waist circumference, abdominal and mid-thigh computed tomography scans) and blood lipid profiles were assessed.

Results:

Low attenuation mid-thigh muscle surface correlated similarly with markers of adiposity and body composition in all groups, regardless of diabetes status, except for visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference. Indeed, relationships between visceral adiposity and muscle adiposity were significantly stronger in type 2 vs type 1 diabetic subjects (P<0.05 for comparison of slopes). In addition, in well-controlled type 1 diabetic subjects (mean HbA1c of 6.8%), daily insulin requirements tended to correlate with low attenuation mid-thigh muscle surface, a specific component of fat-rich muscle (r=0.36, P=0.08), but not with glycemic control (HbA1c).

Conclusion:

This study suggests that the relationship of central adiposity and muscle adiposity is modulated by diabetes status and is stronger in the insulin resistant diabetes type (type 2 diabetes). In well-controlled nonobese type 1 diabetic subjects, the relationship between muscle fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity was also maintained.

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Abbreviations

AT:

adipose tissue

CT:

computed tomography

FFM:

fat-free mass

FM:

fat mass

IMCL:

intramyocellular lipid content

SAT:

subcutaneous adipose tissue

TAT:

total adipose tissue

VAT:

visceral adipose tissue

WC:

waist circumference.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Lucie Allard, Guy Fournier, Geneviève Landry and Martin Milot for their precious technical assistance. This work was supported by Diabète Québec and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MT-13960 and GR-15187).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Canada

    M C Dubé & C Lavoie

  2. Division of Kinesiology, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, QC, Canada

    D R Joanisse, L Pérusse & S J Weisnagel

  3. School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada

    D Prud'homme

  4. Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, QC, Canada

    S Lemieux

  5. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    C Bouchard

  6. Physical Activity Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada

    C Lavoie

  7. Diabetes Research Unit, CRML, CHUL, Laval University, QC, Canada

    S J Weisnagel

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  1. M C Dubé
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  2. D R Joanisse
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  4. S Lemieux
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  6. L Pérusse
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Correspondence to S J Weisnagel.

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Dubé, M., Joanisse, D., Prud'homme, D. et al. Muscle adiposity and body fat distribution in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: varying relationships according to diabetes type. Int J Obes 30, 1721–1728 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803337

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803337

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