In August, the US district court for the District of Columbia sided with the US Food and Drug Administration in a four-year-long dispute with Regenerative Science, a company in Broomfield, Colorado, over clinical uses of an unapproved stem cell product. On 23 July 2012, the court issued a permanent injunction against the use of the company's Regenexx procedure, consisting of culture-expanded autologous bone marrow stem cells, to treat orthopedic injuries. The FDA had tried to stop the company Regenerative Science from offering the unapproved Regenexx program. The company countersued, claiming that autologous stem cells are not drugs and hence outside the FDA's purview. The court concluded that Regenexx is a drug, and that its clinical use constitutes interstate commerce, which is captured in the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act. While the case was being decided, Regenerative Sciences took the offending therapy off their US product line but continues to offer unexpanded cells, removed and reinjected on the same day. Whereas Dave Audley, executive director of the International Cell Medicine Society, believes that the ruling clearly defines cell expansion as a regulated product, some still feel the agency has not provided a roadmap for cell therapies. The next battleground, according to Audley, may be stromal vascular stem cells processed from fat tissue. The FDA has already tipped its hand; last March, it issued a warning letter to Intellicell BioSciences, a New York–based firm that offers adipose tissue–derived stem cells for various uses from breast augmentation to osteoarthritis.