Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Studies on Some Blood Parameters of Crossbred Calves with Experimental Theileria annulata Infections

  • Published:
Veterinary Research Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Subcutaneous inoculation of 1 ml of ground Theileria annulata tick tissue stabilate (0.75 tick equivalent) into crossbred calves (n = 6, average age 53 days) resulted in the development of acute theileriosis. The percentage parasitaemia was 71.7%±3.3% on day 20 after inoculation. Macroschizonts were observed in lymphocytes and monocytes. Phagocytosed schizonts were observed in neutrophils, along with cytoplasmic vacuolation in monocytes and neutrophils. There was progressive decrease (p<0.05) in the haemoglobin and packed cell volume, along with a marked reticulocytosis. Serum analysis revealed a decrease (p<0.05) in the concentrations of calcium, cholesterol and triglycerides, while there was an increase (p<0.05) in the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen as compared to day 0 values. The total serum proteins, albumin and serum immunoglobulin concentrations and the albumin-to-immunoglobulin ratio showed marked decreases (p<0.05). Coagulopathies included thrombocytopenia and an increased prothrombin time, along with a non-significant increase in the bleeding time and activated partial thromboplastin time during the terminal stages of the disease. There was an increase in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes during the disease. Morphological alterations in the erythrocytes were observed with the developing parasitaemia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Allen, P.C., Fresichs, W.M. and Holbrook, A.A., 1975. Experimental acute Babesia caballi infections. II. Response of platelets and fibrinogen. Experimental Parasitology, 37, 373–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Badylak, S.F. and VanVleet, J.F., 1981. Alternations of prothrombin time and activated partial thrombplastin time in dogs with hepatic diseases. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 42, 2053–2056

    Google Scholar 

  • Badylak, S.F., Dodds, W.J. and VanVleet, J.F., 1983. Plasma coagulation factors abnormalities in dogs with naturally occurring hepatic diseases. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 44, 2236–2340

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, M.M., 1985. Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, (Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi)

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, E.A., 1957. The use of paper electrophoresis as an aid to diagnosis. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 67, 345

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, M.P., Brown, C.G.D., Burridge, M.J. and Purnell, R.E., 1973. Cryopreservation of infective particles of Theileria parva. Journal for Parasitology, 3, 583–587

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalgliesh, R.J., Dinmock, C., Hill, M.W.M. and Mellors, L.T., 1976. Babesia argentina: disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute infections in splenectomized calves. Experimental Parasitology, 40, 124–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhar, S. and Gautam, O.P., 1977. Some biochemical aspects of Theileria annulata infection of cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 47, 169–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimopoullos, G.T. and Bedell, D.M., 1962. Studies of bovine erythrocytes in anaplasmosis. II. Role of chemical and physical changes in erythrocytes in the mechanism of anaemia in splenectomized calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 7, 813–820

    Google Scholar 

  • Elissalde, G.S., Wagner, G.G., Craig, T.M., Elissalde, M.H. and Rowe, L., 1983. Hypocholesterolemia and hypocortisolemia in acute and terminal Babesia bovis infection. Veterinary Parasitology, 12, 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautam, O.P., Sharma, R.D. and Kalra, D.S., 1970. Theileriosis in exotic breeds and in Sahiwal calf. Indian Veterinary Journal, 47, 72–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, B.S., Bhattacharyulu, Y. and Kaur, D., 1977. Symptoms and pathology of experimental bovine tropical theileriosis. (Theileria annulata infection). Annals de Parasitologie Paris, 52, 597–608

    Google Scholar 

  • Haider, M.J., 1992. Haematological study of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) during theileriosis (Theileria annulata). Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 653, 171–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Higuchi, S., Kawamura, S. and Yasuda, Y., 1984. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Theileria sergenti. Proceedings of the 13th World Congress on Diseases of Cattle, Durban, South Africa, 501–507

  • Jain, N.C., 1986. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology, 4th edn, (Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain, N.C. and Kono, S.S., 1972. Scanning electronmicroscopy of erythrocytes of dog, cat, cow, horse, sheep and goat. Research in Veterinary Science, 13, 489–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanaya, M., 1985. Studies on the diagnosis of theileriosis in cattle: significance of reticulocytes. Yagamuchi Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 12, 1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko, J.J., 1989. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 4th edn, (Academic Press, New Delhi)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimcto, B.A., 1976. Ultrastructure of blood platelets in cattle with East Coast Fever. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 37, 493–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Laiblin, C., Baysu, N. and Muller, M., 1978. Clinical investigations in cattle experimentally infected with Theileria annulata. Protozoological Abstracts, 2, 2319

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, O.H., Rosenbrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randell, R.J., 1951. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 265–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxie, M.G., Dolan, T.T., Jura, W.G.Z., Tabel, H. and Flowers, M.J., 1982. A comparative study of the disease in cattle caused by Theileria parva or Theileria lawrencei. II. Hematology, clinical chemistry and coagulation studies and complement. Veterinary Parasitology, 10, 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehta, H.K, Sisodia, R.S. and Misraula, R.S., 1988. Clinical and haematological observations in experimentally induced cases of bovine theileriosis. Indian Journal of Clinical Investigation, 26, 636

    Google Scholar 

  • Oser, B.L., 1965. Hawk's Physiological Chemistry, (McGraw Hill, New York), 321–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Parpart, A.K., Gregg, J.R., Lorenz, P.B., Parpart, E.K and Chase, A.M., 1947. The osmotic resistance (fragility) of human red cells. Journal of Clinical Investigations, 26, 636

    Google Scholar 

  • Polyakov, V.F., 1965. Protein metabolism in the blood of cattle with experimental theileriosis. Veterinary Bulletin, 36, 1349 (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, B.M., 1946. Morphological studies of the blood of hill bulls in health and during acute theileriosis. Indian Journal of Veterinary Science, 16, 54–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston, P.M., Brown, C.G.D., Bell-Sakyi, L., Richardson, W., Sanderson, A., 1992. Tropical theileriosis in Bos taurus and Bos taurus cross Bos indicus calves: response to infection with graded doses of sporozoites of Theileria annulata. Research in Veterinary Science, 53, 230–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Purnell, R.E., 1978. Theileria annulata as a hazard to cattle in the countries on the Northern Mediterranean littoral. Veterinary Science Communications, 2, 3–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, R.R. and Cohly, M.A., 1953. Microelectrophoretic study of serum proteins from normal and malarial chicken. Current Science, 2, 204

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayulu, V.C. and Hafeez, M.D., 1995. Haematological values in cattle infected with Theileria annulata. Journal of Animal Science, 65, 1202–1203

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandhu, G.S., 1996. Histopathological, biochemical and haematological studies in crossbred calves suffering from experimental tropical theileriosis, (MVSc thesis submitted to Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India)

  • Sandhu, G.S., Grewal, A.S., Singh, A., Kondal, J.K., Singh, J. and Brar, R.S., 1998. Haematological and biochemical studies on experimental Theileria annulata infection in cross bred calves. Veterinary Research Communications, 22, 349–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Schein, E., Mehlhorn, H. and Warnecke, M., 1997. Ultrastructure of the erythrocytic stages of Theileria annulata. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 28, 349–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, A.K. and Srinivasan, M.K., 1937. Theileriosis of cattle in India. Indian Journal of Veterinary Science, 7, 15–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, R.D. and Gautam, O.P., 1971. Theileriosis-II. Clinical cases in indigenous calves. Indian Veterinary Journal, 48, 83–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, L.D., Sharma, N.N., Sabir, M. and Bhattacharyya, N.K., 1987. Clinicohaematological and biochemical changes in experimental theileria infection in cross bred calves. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 7, 154–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, J.W., 1985. Membrane structure and function of malarial parasite and the infected erythrocytes. Parasitology, 91, 609–645

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A., 1998. Clinicopathological studies on experimental Theileria annulata infection in crossbred calves, (MVSc thesis submitted to Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India)

  • Sudan, N.A., Sinha, B.P. and Verma, S.P., 1988. Haematological and biochemical changes in cross bred calves infected experimentally with Theileria annulata. Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2, 25–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellde, B.T., Kavatch, R.M., Chuna, D.A. and Wykoff, D.E., 1978. Trypanosoma congolense: thrombocytopenia in experimentally infected cattle. Experimental Parasitology, 45, 26–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Yadav, C.L. and Sharma, N.N., 1986. Changes in blood chemical components during experimentally induced Theileria annulata infection in cattle. Veterinary Parasitology, 21, 91–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Yagi, Y., Furuchi, S., Takahashi, H. and Koyana, H., 1989. Abnormality of osmotic fragility and morphological disorders of bovine erythrocytes infected with Theileria sergenti. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science, 51, 389–395

    Google Scholar 

  • Yagi, Y., Kamio, T., Fujisaki, K., Shimizer, S., Nagasawa, S. and Terada, Y., 1992. Plasma high density lipoprotein in anaemic cattle infected with Theileria sergenti. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 54, 13–18

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India

    A. Singh, J. Singh, A.S. Grewal & R.S. Brar

Authors
  1. A. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A.S. Grewal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R.S. Brar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Singh, A., Singh, J., Grewal, A. et al. Studies on Some Blood Parameters of Crossbred Calves with Experimental Theileria annulata Infections. Vet Res Commun 25, 289–300 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010678625336

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010678625336

Search

Navigation