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Emerging biomarkers and screening for cognitive frailty

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Abstract

Physical frailty and cognitive frailty are two important targets of secondary intervention in aging research to narrow the gap between life and health span. The objective of the present narrative review was to examine clinical and epidemiological studies investigating the recently proposed construct of cognitive frailty and its subtypes, with a focus on operational definitions, clinical criteria, and emerging biomarkers potentially useful for the screening of this novel entity. Both physical frailty and frailty indexes with a multidimensional nature were associated with late-life cognitive impairment/decline, incident dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, non-AD dementias, and AD pathology proposing cognitive frailty as a clinical entity with cognitive impairment related to physical causes with a potential reversibility. The new clinical and research AD criteria established by the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association and the American Psychiatric Association could improve the differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment within the cognitive frailty construct. The emerging biomarkers of sarcopenia, physical frailty, and cognitive impairment will provide the basis to establish more reliable clinical and research criteria for cognitive frailty, using different operational definitions for frailty and cognitive impairment and useful clinical, biological, and imaging markers for this novel clinical construct.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Shanghai Hospital Development Center (No. SHDC12014221), Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Key developing disciplines (2015ZB0501).

Author contributions

QR designed the study, supervised the searches of reviewed articles, and wrote the paper. GD designed the study, supervised the searches of reviewed articles, and wrote the paper. DS collected reviewed articles, and wrote the paper. AG supervised the searches of reviewed articles, and wrote the paper. ML and DS collected reviewed articles, and wrote the paper. FP designed the study, supervised the searches of reviewed articles, and wrote the paper. ZY designed the study, supervised the searches of reviewed articles, and wrote the paper.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China

      Qingwei Ruan & Zhuowei Yu

    2. Geriatric Unit and Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy

      Grazia D’Onofrio, Daniele Sancarlo, Antonio Greco, Davide Seripa & Francesco Panza

    3. Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

      Madia Lozupone & Francesco Panza

    4. Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, “Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico”, Tricase, Lecce, Italy

      Francesco Panza

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    1. Qingwei Ruan
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    Q. Ruan and G. D’Onofrio contribute equally.

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    Ruan, Q., D’Onofrio, G., Sancarlo, D. et al. Emerging biomarkers and screening for cognitive frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res 29, 1075–1086 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-017-0741-8

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