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Influence of food consumption patterns and Galician lifestyle on human gut microbiota

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Abstract

The proportion of different microbial populations in the human gut is an important factor that in recent years has been linked to obesity and numerous metabolic diseases. Because there are many factors that can affect the composition of human gut microbiota, it is of interest to have information about what is the composition of the gut microbiota in different populations in order to better understand the possibilities for improving nutritional management. A group of 31 volunteers were selected according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria and were asked about their diet history, lifestyle patterns, and adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet. Fecal samples were taken and subsequently analyzed by real-time PCR. The results indicated different dietary patterns for subjects who consumed a higher amount of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish and a lower amount of bakery foods and precooked foods and snacks compared to Spanish consumption data. Most participants showed intermediate or high adherence to Southern European Atlantic Diet, and an analysis of gut microbiota showed high numbers of total bacteria and Actinobacteria, as well as high amounts of bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. A subsequent statistical comparison also revealed differences in gut microbiota depending on the subject’s body weight, age, or degree of adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet.

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Acknowledgements

A. Cardelle-Cobas thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for their postdoctoral contract (reference FPDI-2013-18601). The authors also thank the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER) (grant GRC 2014/004) for covering the costs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspeccion y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain

    María Castro-Penalonga, Paula Roca-Saavedra, Jose Manuel Miranda, Jose Julio Porto-Arias, Carolina Nebot, Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas, Carlos Manuel Franco & Alberto Cepeda

  2. Laboratorio de Higiene Inspeccion y Control de Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria pabellon 4 p.b. Campus Universitario, 27002, Lugo, Spain

    Jose Manuel Miranda

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  1. María Castro-Penalonga
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  2. Paula Roca-Saavedra
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  3. Jose Manuel Miranda
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  4. Jose Julio Porto-Arias
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  5. Carolina Nebot
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  6. Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
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  7. Carlos Manuel Franco
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  8. Alberto Cepeda
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Correspondence to Jose Manuel Miranda.

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This article forms part of a special issue of the Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry entitled “Impact of lifestyles patterns on human health: Integrated approach from the child to the elderly”

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Castro-Penalonga, M., Roca-Saavedra, P., Miranda, J.M. et al. Influence of food consumption patterns and Galician lifestyle on human gut microbiota. J Physiol Biochem 74, 85–92 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-017-0570-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-017-0570-4

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