Summary
BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a widespread disease in adults and children with a tremendous impact on every diseased person. The risk of co-morbidities such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, coronary and peripheral vascular diseases and cerebrovascular events is dramatically increased compared to non-diabetic persons. Micro- and macrovascular changes are pathogenetic mechanism by which the impaired glycaemic control causes acute and chronic complications. Chronic infections such as Periodontitis and Gingivitis have been identified as risk factors in the development of diabetes. Due to this chronic infection, the systemic inflammatory metabolism is raised and contributes to the unfavourable pathomechanism. PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: This review identifies the relationship of periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. The burden of diabetes today and in the future, based on the prognosis of WHO data, illustrates the immense impact on health and social systems worldwide, not only in developing, but also in developed countries. RESULTS: Diagnosis at an early stage and adequate therapeutical strategies are essential tools in the contemporary management of diabetic patients. Control of chronic infections such as Gingivitis and Periodontitis seems to be a cornerstone in an up-to-date therapeutical concept. An interdisciplinary team approach is essential, based on the profound knowledge of the mechanism of periodontal medicine. CONCLUSION: Future interdisciplinary research has to be conducted to clarify the following questions: • Is oral hygiene effective in terms of preventing untoward adverse effects in diabetic patients? • Is there a possibility to prevent children with imbalanced glycaemic control from developing diabetes by controlling intraoral infection? • Are dentists and dental hygienists able to communicate the evident need of controlling intraoral infection to prevent adverse events and co-morbidities in diabetic patients? • Are there possible dental pre-screening methods for patients with undiagnosed or uncontrolled diabetes? • What is the best interdisciplinary approach for communicating intraoral findings with other specialists such as endocrinologist and paediatricians?
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Slavicek, G., Slavicek, B. Periodontitis and diabetes: a challenge for interdisciplinary teams. J. Stomat. Occ. Med. 1, 58–62 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12548-008-0011-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12548-008-0011-7