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Hypo- and hyper-perfusion in MCI and AD identified by different ASL MRI sequences

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Abstract

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI has been increasingly used in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research. However, ASL MRI sequences differ greatly in terms of arterial blood signal preparations and data acquisition strategies, both leading to a large difference of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is of great translational importance to compare the several widely used ASL MRI sequences regarding sensitivity of ASL measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) for detecting the between-group difference across the AD continuum. To this end, this study compared three ASL MRI sequences in AD research, including the 2D Pulsed ASL (PASL), 3D Background Suppressed (BS) PASL, and 3D BS Pseudo-Continuous ASL (PCASL). We used data from 100 healthy and cognitively normal elderly control (NC) subjects, 75 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 57 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects from the AD neuroimaging initiative (ADNI). Both cross-sectional perfusion difference and perfusion versus clinical assessment correlations were examined. The major findings included: 3D PCASL sequence identified stronger patient versus control CBF/rCBF differences than 2D PASL and 3D PASL; MCI showed reduced CBF and CBF redistribution; CBF in orbito-frontal cortex presents a new U-shape change pattern from normal aging to MCI and to AD; 3D PCASL identified a negative rCBF to memory correlation while 2D PASL showed a positive correlation.

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Data availability

ADNI data are freely available from https://adni.loni.usc.edu/. ASLtbx is freely available from https://cfn.upenn.edu/zewang/ASLtbx.php and https://github.com/zewangnew/ASLtbx.

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Acknowledgements

Data collection and sharing for this project were funded by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904) and DOD ADNI (Department of Defense award number W81XWH-12-2-0012). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: AbbVie, Alzheimer’s Association; Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation; Araclon Biotech; BioClinica, Inc.; Biogen; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; CereSpir, Inc.; Cogstate; Eisai Inc.; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; Fujirebio; GE Healthcare; IXICO Ltd.; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC.; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC.; Lumosity; Lundbeck; Merck & Co., Inc.; Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.; NeuroRx Research; Neurotrack Technologies; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Servier; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; and Transition Therapeutics. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute at the University of Southern California. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuroimaging at the University of Southern California.

Funding

This work was supported by NIH grants: R01AG060054, R01AG070227, R01EB031080-01A1, R21AG082345, P41EB029460-01A1, 1UL1TR003098.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III Room 1173, 670 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Aldo Camargo & Ze Wang

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  1. Aldo Camargo
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  2. Ze Wang
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for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

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AC downloaded the data, analyzed, and interpreted the data, and wrote the initial version of the manuscript. ZW designed the study, interpreted the results, wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ze Wang.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

Subject recruitment and data acquisition were approved by the Internal Review Boards for the parent ADNI project. All human subjects provided written consent forms before participating the ADNI study. Data re-analysis for this study was approved by Internal Review Board of University of Maryland Baltimore.

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The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in the analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf.

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Camargo, A., Wang, Z. & for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Hypo- and hyper-perfusion in MCI and AD identified by different ASL MRI sequences. Brain Imaging and Behavior 17, 306–319 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-023-00764-8

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