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Transcriptomics und Typ-2-Diabetes

Transcriptomics and type 2 diabetes

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Der Diabetologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Moderne Methoden der Genexpressionsanalyse erlauben es, alle Transkripte, also das gesamte Transkriptom einer Zelle oder eines Gewebes, simultan zu untersuchen. Derzeit können mit DNA-Microarray-Techniken Transkriptspiegel zu fast allen proteinkodierenden Genen im Genom gemessen werden. Sequenzierbasierte Ansätzen ermöglichen eine noch vollständigere Erfassung, da mit ihnen alle Sequenzen der exprimierten Transkripte bestimmt und somit auch unbekannte und nichtproteinkodierende RNAs identifiziert werden können. Erste Querschnittsstudien zur Genexpression in Skelettmuskel, Leber, Fett und Blut haben gezeigt, dass Genexpressionsprofile in diesen Geweben mit Insulinresistenz und Diabetes korrelieren. Untersuchungen im bevölkerungsbasierten KORA-Survey F4 belegten insbesondere Assoziationen zwischen mRNA-Transkripten im Vollblut und 2-h-Glukosespiegeln aus dem oGTT. Ob RNA-Transkripte helfen, Hochrisikopersonen frühzeitig zu erkennen und klinisch relevante Unterformen des Typ-2-Diabetes aufzudecken, muss in prospektiven Studien untersucht werden. Ebenso ist noch unbekannt, ob die Kombinationen von Biomarkern aus verschiedenen „Omics“-Technologien unser Verständnis der Entwicklung des Typ-2-Diabetes verbessern kann.

Abstract

Modern methods of gene expression analysis allow the simultaneous characterization of all transcripts, i.e. the entire transcriptome of a cell or tissue. Current DNA microarray-based technologies are able to quantify transcript levels of almost all protein coding genes in the genome. Sequencing-based approaches enable an even more complete investigation, because they provide all sequences of expressed transcripts including previously unknown and non-protein coding RNAs. Cross-sectional studies on gene expression in skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue and blood have demonstrated that gene expression profiles in these tissues correlate with insulin resistance and diabetes. Analyses in the population-based KORA survey F4 revealed that mRNA transcripts in whole blood were especially associated with 2 h glucose levels in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Prospective studies will have to show whether RNA transcripts can help in the early identification of high-risk individuals and in the definition of novel clinically relevant subtypes of type 2 diabetes. Also it remains to be seen whether the combination of biomarkers from different “omics” technologies can give further insight into the development of type 2 diabetes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetesforschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    C. Herder M.Sc., M. Roden & M. Carstensen

  2. Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    M. Roden

  3. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Deutschland

    T. Illig & H. Prokisch

  4. Hannover Unified Biobank, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland

    T. Illig

Authors
  1. C. Herder M.Sc.
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  2. M. Roden
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  3. M. Carstensen
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  4. T. Illig
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  5. H. Prokisch
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Correspondence to C. Herder M.Sc..

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Herder, C., Roden, M., Carstensen, M. et al. Transcriptomics und Typ-2-Diabetes. Diabetologe 8, 35–41 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-011-0777-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-011-0777-x

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