Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Involvement of Fathers in Supporting a Young Person Living with Mental Illness

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fathers are critical in the lives of young people, including those living with mental illness. Fathers’ support may be different to that of mothers and is likely to influence the well-being of other family members. However, fathers’ support is often seen as “secondary” and little is known about the nature, diversity and impact of their involvement. This paper explores the parts played by fathers in supporting a young person (15–21 years old) living with mental illness. A modified grounded theory approach was used to perform a secondary analysis of data from in-depth interviews with 32 participants from 14 families: 13 young people, 13 mothers; and 6 fathers. Participants’ descriptions of fathers’ involvement varied along five dimensions, being the extent to which fathers: directly supported the young person; supported the mother; aligned with the mother; took responsibility for supporting the young person; and needed input from the mother. From comparison of data relating to each dimension across families, four distinct models of perceived father involvement are proposed. These are represented by transport metaphors: co-pilots; captain/first-mate; gondolier; and separate drivers. Father involvement was seen as having an impact on both young people directly and mothers’ abilities to support young people. The findings are preliminary given the exploratory nature of the study, but nevertheless highlight the need for helping professionals and researchers to attend to father involvement to facilitate optimum parent support for young people living with mental illness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, S. M., & Hawkins, A. J. (1999). Maternal gatekeeping: Mothers’ beliefs and behaviors that inhibit greater father involvement in family work. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61(1), 199–212. doi:10.2307/353894.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. (1993). Recovery from mental illness: The guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 16, 11–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2008). National survey of mental health and wellbeing of Australians: Summary of results. Canberra: ABS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bateson, G., Jackson, D. D., Haley, J., & Weakland, J. H. (1956). Toward a theory of schizophrenia. Behavioral Science, 1, 251–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birks, M., & Mills, J. (2011). Grounded theory: A practical guide. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boss, P. (1987). Family stress. In M. Sussman & S. Steinmetz (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broderick, C. B. (1993). Understanding family process: Basics of family systems theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmaz, K. (2005). Grounded theory in the 21st century, applications for advacing social justice studies. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), The sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheal, D. (1991). Family and the state of theory. Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colarossi, L. G., & Eccles, J. S. (2003). Differential effects of support providers on adolescents’ mental health. Social Work Research, 27, 19–30. doi:10.1093/swr/27.1.19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cosson, B., & Graham, E. (2012). I felt like a third wheel’: Fathers’ stories of exclusion from the ‘parenting team. Journal of Family Studies, 18, 121–129. doi:10.5172/jfs.2012.2571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fatherhood Institute. (2010). Fatherhood institute research summary: Fathers’ impact on their children’s learning and achievement. Retrieved 17 August, 2012, from http://www.fatherhoodinstitute.org/2010/fatherhood-institute-research-summary-fathers-and-their-childrens-education/

  • Fleming, W. M. (2003). Family systems theory. In J. J. Ponzetti (Ed.), International encyclopedia of marriage and family (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 642–646). New York: Macmillan Reference USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, R., May, C., St George, J., Stoker, L., & Oshan, M. (2014). Engaging fathers: Evidence review. Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth (ARACY): Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flouri, E. (2005). Fathering and child outcomes. England: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Flouri, E., & Buchanan, A. (2002). What predicts good relationships with parents in adolescence and partners in adult life: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 186–198. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.16.2.186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. S., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2002). Meeting the challenges of new parenthood: Responsibilities, advice, and perceptions. In N. Halfon, K. T. McLearn, & M. S. Schuster (Eds.), Child rearing in America: Challenges facing parents with young children (pp. 83–116). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory. Mill Valley, CA, USA: The Sociology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1969). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grbich, C. (2007). Qualitative data analysis: An introduction (1st ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harden, J. (2005). Parenting a young person with mental health problems: Temporal disruption and reconstruction. Sociology of Health & Illness, 27, 351–371. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2005.00446.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honey, A., Alchin, S. A., & Hancock, N. (2014). Promoting mental health and wellbeing for a young person with a mental illness: Parent occupations. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 61(3), 194–203. doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Honey, A., Chesterman, S., Hancock, N., Llewellyn, G., Hazell, P., & Clarke, S. (2015). Knowing what to do and being able to do it: Influences on parent choice and use of practices to support young people living with mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal. doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9864-6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Honey, A., Coniglio, F., & Hancock, N. (in press). Conceptualizing well-being for young people living with mental illness. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.

  • Honey, A., Fraser, V., Llewellyn, G., Hazel, P., & Clark, S. (2013). Parental influence on the illness-related behavior of young people with mental illness: Young people’s perceptions. Advances in Mental Health, 12(1), 63–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchison, A. J., Johnston, L. H., & Breckon, J. D. (2010). Using QSR-NVivo to facilitate the development of a grounded theory project: An account of a worked example. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 13, 283–302. doi:10.1080/13645570902996301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D. J., Forehand, R., & Beach, S. R. H. (2000). Maternal and paternal parenting during adolescence: Forecasting early adult psychosocial adjustment. Adolescence, 35, 513–530.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, A. M., Perkins, D. O., Nieri, J., & Penn, D. L. (2005). Pathways to care in first episode psychosis: A pilot study on help-seeking precipitants and barriers to care. Journal of Mental Health, 14, 465–469. doi:10.1080/09638230500271089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Amminger, G. P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Lee, S., & Ustun, T. B. (2007). Age of onset of mental disorders: A review of recent literature. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20, 465–469. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32816ebc8c.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, V., & Sobolewski, J. M. (2006). Nonresident fathers’ contribution to adolescents’ wellbeing. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 537–557. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00274.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Leavey, J. E. (2005). Youth experiences of living with mental health problems: Emergence, loss, adaptation and recovery (elar). Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 24, 109–126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lucksted, A., McFarlane, W., Downing, D., Dixon, L., & Adams, C. (2012). Recent developments in family psychoeducation as an evidence-based practice. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(1), 101–121. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00256.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, E. E., & Hastings, R. P. (2010). Fathers of children with developmental disabilities. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (5th ed., pp. 486–516). New Jersey: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCann, T. V., Lubman, D. I., & Clarke, E. (2011). First-time primary caregivers’ experience accessing first-episode psychosis services. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 5, 156–162. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00246.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mental Health Coordinating Council (MHCC). (2014). Recovery for young people: Recovery orientation in youth mental health and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). Discussion Paper MHCC. Sydney, NSW: MHCC. Available at http://mhcc.org.au/media/50501/mhccrecoveryforyoungpeople-discussionpaper.pdf.

  • Minuchin, S., Rosman, B. L., & Baker, L. (1978). Psychosomatic families: Anorexia nervosa in context. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, M. P., Gordon, J. L., Bearden, C. E., Lopez, S. R., Kopelowicz, A., & Cannon, T. D. (2006). Positive family environment predicts improvement in symptoms and social functioning among adolescents at imminent risk for onset of psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 81, 269–275. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.10.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patton, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (2nd ed.). Thousand oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phares, V., Fields, S., & Kamboukos, D. (2009). Fathers’ and mothers’ involvement with their adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 1–9. doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9200-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phares, V., Rojas, A., Thurston, I. B., & Hankinson, J. C. (2010). Including fathers in clinical interventions for children and adolescents. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (5th ed., pp. 459–485). New Jersey: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollio, D. E., North, C. S., Hudson, A. M., Hong, B. A., Osborne, V. A., & McClendon, J. B. (2012). Psychoeducation responsive to families (PERF): Translation of a multifamily group model. Psychiatric Annals, 42(6), 226–235. doi:10.3928/00485713-20120606-06.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeb, B. T., & Conger, K. J. (2011). Mental health service utilization in a community sample of rural adolescents: The role of father-offspring relations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36, 661–668. doi:10.1037/t01210-000.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkadi, A., Kristiansson, R., Oberklaid, F., & Bremberg, S. (2008). Fathers’ involvement and children’s developmental outcomes: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Acta Paediatrica, 97, 153–158. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00572.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schock, A. M., Gavazzi, S. M., Fristad, M. A., & Goldberg-Arnold, J. S. (2002). The role of father participation in the treatment of childhood mood disorders. Family Relations, 51, 230–237. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2002.00230.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2002). “Come on, say something, dad!”: Communication and coping in fathers of diabetic adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 439–450. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/27.5.439.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simmerman, S., Blacher, J., & Baker, B. L. (2001). Fathers’ and mothers’ perceptions of father involvement in families with young children with a disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 26, 325–338. doi:10.1080/13668250120087335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tierney, S. (2008). The individual within a condition: A qualitative study of young people’s reflections on being treated for anorexia nervosa. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 13, 368–375. doi:10.1177/1078390307309215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wall, G., & Arnold, S. (2007). How involved is involved fathering?: An exploration of the contemporary culture of fatherhood. Gender and Society, 21(4), 508–527. doi:10.1177/0891243207304973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, K. R., & Prior, M. R. (2011). Father involvement and child well-being. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 47, 405–407. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01770.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, L., & Lambin, E. (2013). How fathers and father figures can shape child health and wellbeing. The Fathering Project: University of Western Australia. Available at http://thefatheringproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/How-fathers-and-father-figures-can-shape-child-health-and-wellbeing-Wood-Lambin-UWA-2013.pdf.

  • Woods, S. (2004). Untreated recovery from eating disorders. Adolescence, 39, 361–371.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anne Honey.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

West, C., Honey, A. The Involvement of Fathers in Supporting a Young Person Living with Mental Illness. J Child Fam Stud 25, 574–587 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0230-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0230-7

Keywords

Navigation