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Spilanthol Inhibits COX-2 and ICAM-1 Expression via Suppression of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in Interleukin-1β-Stimulated Human Lung Epithelial Cells

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Abstract

Spilanthol a phytochemical derived from the Spilanthes acmella plant has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated its effects on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and inflammation-related mediators in IL-1β-stimulated human lung epithelial A549 cells. Human lung epithelial A549 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of spilanthol (3–100 μM) followed by treatment with IL-1β to induce inflammation. The protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured using ELISA. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), heme oxygenase (HO-1), nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were measured by immunoblotting. The mRNA expression levels of ICAM-1 and MUC5AC were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Spilanthol decreased the expression of PGE2, COX-2, TNF-α, and MCP-1. It also decreased ICAM-1 expression and suppressed monocyte adhesion to IL-1β-stimulated A549 cells. Spilanthol also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK and I-κB. These results suggest that spilanthol exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX-2, and ICAM-1 by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

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Funding

This study was supported in part by grants from the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CMRPF1G0201), the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (MOST 105-2320-B-255-004), and Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (EZRPF3FG0071).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Wen-Chung Huang and Ling-Yu Wu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan

    Wen-Chung Huang & Shu-Ju Wu

  2. Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan

    Wen-Chung Huang

  3. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan

    Ling-Yu Wu & Shu-Ju Wu

  4. Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan

    Sindy Hu & Shu-Ju Wu

  5. Department of Cosmetic Science, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan

    Sindy Hu

Authors
  1. Wen-Chung Huang
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  2. Ling-Yu Wu
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Contributions

Wen-Chung Huang and Ling-Yu Wu designed the study and performed the experiments. Sindy Hu searched the literature and performed the experiments. Shu-Ju analyzed interpretation of data and drafting the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shu-Ju Wu.

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Huang, WC., Wu, LY., Hu, S. et al. Spilanthol Inhibits COX-2 and ICAM-1 Expression via Suppression of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in Interleukin-1β-Stimulated Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 41, 1934–1944 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-018-0837-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-018-0837-0

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