Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Community-Based HIV Testing for Urban Youth in Western Kenya

  • Behavioral Surveillance
  • Published:
AIDS and Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Youth aged 15–24 years comprise 48% of new HIV infections and 15% of persons living with HIV in Kisumu County, Kenya. We assessed factors associated with HIV infection among youth participating in the Community Health Initiative (CHI) implemented in an urban informal settlement in 2018. Predictors of HIV infection were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. CHI engaged 4,441 youth through community health campaigns and home-based HIV testing. HIV prevalence was 3.5% overall and 7.1% among young women aged 20–24. There were 24 youth newly identified as HIV-positive out of 157 total HIV-positive youth. HIV-positive status was positively associated with being female (aOR = 2.46; 95% CI 1.57, 3.84) and aged 20–24 (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.52, 3.79), and inversely associated with secondary school education or higher (aOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.16, 0.44). Our findings highlight the need for HIV prevention programs specially tailored for youth to further reduce new HIV infections in this priority population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Participant program data are not available for sharing.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. UNAIDS Data 2019. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2019/2019-UNAIDS-data.

  2. Kenya HIV Estimates Report 2018. Available at: https://nacc.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/HIV-estimates-report-Kenya-20182.pdf.

  3. KENPHIA Preliminary 2018 Report. Available at: https://www.nascop.or.ke/kenphia-report.

  4. Kenya AIDS Response Progress Report 2018. Available at: https://www.lvcthealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/KARPR-Report_2018.pdf.

  5. Kerubo G, Khamadi S, Okoth V, et al. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV-1 co-infection in two informal urban settlements in Nairobi. Kenya PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0129247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kabiru CW, Beguy D, Crichton J, Zulu EM. HIV/AIDS among youth in urban informal (slum) settlements in Kenya: what are the correlates and motivations for HIV testing? BMC Pub Health. 2011;11:685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Mberu B, Wamukoya M, Oti S, Kyobutungi C. Trends in causes of adult deaths among the urban poor: evidence from Nairobi urban health and demographic surveillance system. J Urban Health. 2015;92(3):422–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-9943-6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Truong HM, Mocello AR, Ouma D, et al. Community-based HIV testing services in an urban setting in Western Kenya: a programme implementation study. Lancet HIV. 2021;8(1):e16-23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. The Kenya HIV Testing Services Guidelines. Available at: https://archive.org/details/hts_policy_kenya_2015.

  10. Guidelines on use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection in Kenya, 2016 edition. Available at: https://aidsfree.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/kenya_art_2016.pdf.

  11. Truong HM, Akama E, Guzé MA, et al. Implementation of a community-based hybrid HIV testing services program as a strategy to saturate testing coverage in Western Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Synd. 2019;82(4):362–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. UNAIDS. 90–90–90 – An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/90-90-90_en.pdf.

  13. UNAIDS. Understanding Fast-Track. Available at: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/201506_JC2743_Understanding_FastTrack_en.pdf.

  14. Jukes M, Simmons S, Bundy D. Education and vulnerability: the role of schools in protecting young women and girls from HIV in southern Africa. AIDS. 2008;22(Suppl 4):S41-56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Baird SJ, Garfein RS, McIntosh CT, Ozler B. Effect of a cash transfer programme for schooling on prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 in Malawi: a cluster randomized trial. Lancet. 2012;379(9823):1320–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Stoner MC, Pettifor A, Edwards JK, et al. The effect of school attendance and school dropout on incident HIV and HSV-2 among young women in rural South Africa enrolled in HPTN 068. AIDS. 2017;31(15):2127–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Beguy D, Mumah J, Gottschalk L. Unintended pregnancies among young women living in urban slums: evidence from a prospective study in Nairobi city. Kenya PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e101034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zamudio-Haas S, Auerswald C, Miller L, et al. Seeking a “sponyo”: insights into motivations and risks around intergenerational transactional sex among adolescent boys and girls in Kenya. J Adoles Health. 2021;68(5):930–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Available at: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR308/FR308.pdf.

  20. Kenya HIV County Profiles 2016. Available at: http://nacc.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Kenya-HIV-County-Profiles-2016.pdf.

  21. Makusha T, Mabaso M, Richter L, Desmond C, Jooste S, Simbayi L. Trends in HIV testing and associated factors among men in South Africa: evidence from 2005, 2008 and 2012 national population-based household surveys. Public Health. 2017;143:1–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Takarinda KC, Madyira LK, Mhangara M, et al. Factors associated with ever being HIV-tested in Zimbabwe: an extended analysis of the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0147828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported in part by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under the terms of Grant No. U2GGH001947 and Grant No. NIH R01 HD094683.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of California, 550 16th Street 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA

    Hong-Ha M. Truong, Mary A. Guzé, Dena Bushman, A. Rain Mocello, Elizabeth A. Bukusi & Craig R. Cohen

  2. Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya

    David Ouma, Kevin Kadede & Elizabeth A. Bukusi

  3. UC Global Programs, Kisumu, Kenya

    Francesca Odhiambo

Authors
  1. Hong-Ha M. Truong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mary A. Guzé
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David Ouma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dena Bushman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. Rain Mocello
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kevin Kadede
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Elizabeth A. Bukusi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Francesca Odhiambo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Craig R. Cohen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HMT: led the program implementation, data analysis, and writing of the manuscript. MAG: conducted the data analyses and reviewed the manuscript. DO: assisted with program implementation and reviewed the manuscript. DB: assisted with program implementation and reviewed the manuscript. ARM: managed the databases and reviewed the manuscript. KK: assisted with program implementation and reviewed the manuscript. EAB: reviewed the manuscript. FO: reviewed the manuscript. CRC: reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hong-Ha M. Truong.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

Ethics approval received by the UCSF, KEMRI and CDC IRB.

Consent to Participate

Informed consent was waived for all program participants.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Truong, HH.M., Guzé, M.A., Ouma, D. et al. Community-Based HIV Testing for Urban Youth in Western Kenya. AIDS Behav 26, 814–821 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03441-3

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03441-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation