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Adipositas im Alter

Obesity in elderly

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Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz von Adipositas zeigte in den letzten Jahren auch in der älteren Bevölkerung einen deutlichen Anstieg. Die Euronut-Seneca Studie mit Auswertung der Daten aus 12 europäischen Ländern beschrieb eine Adipositasprävalenz von 12–41 % bei älteren Frauen und von 8–24 % bei älteren Männern. Neben der positiven Korrelation der Adipositas zum kardiometabolischen Risiko findet sich vor allem bei älteren Patienten eine verstärkte Entwicklung degenerativer Gelenkserkrankungen und in der Folge eine Einschränkung der Mobilität. Demgegenüber steht die Beobachtung eines Adipositas Paradoxons mit einer günstigeren Prognose unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen bei Vorliegen von Übergewicht im Vergleich zu Normal- oder Untergewicht. Als prognostisch besonders ungünstig gilt die sarkopenische Adipositas.

Sowohl in der Prävention, wie auch in der Therapie der Adipositas muss das erhöhte Malnutritionsrisiko bei älteren Menschen Berücksichtigung finden. Die Kombination von individuell angepassten Ernährungsempfehlungen und Bewegungsprogrammen ist grundsätzlich von Vorteil für die Prognose von Komorbiditäten und den Erhalt der Lebensqualität.

Summary

The prevalence of obesity is increasing also in the elderly population. The European Euronut-Seneca study described an obesity prevalence of 12–41 % in elderly women and of 8–24 % in elderly men. Obesity in the elderly is related to the cardiometabolic risk, but also to degenerative joint diseases and impaired physical functions. Some discrepancies are caused by the description of a so-called obesity paradox with a more favourable prognosis for certain diseases in the presence of overweight compared to normal or reduced body weight. The so-called sarcopenic obesity is associated with the worst prognosis.

Preventive and therapeutic regimens should consider the increased risk of malnutrition in elderly. The combinations of individually tailored nutritional recommendations and physical exercise is of advantage for the prognosis of comorbidities and the quality of life.

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  1. Landeskrankenhaus Hochzirl-Natters, 6170, Zirl, Österreich

    Monika Lechleitner

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Lechleitner, M. Adipositas im Alter. Wien Med Wochenschr 166, 143–146 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-016-0435-4

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