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Predominant ultrasonographic extracapsular changes in symptomatic psoriatic dactylitis: results from a multicenter cross-sectional study comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic hand dactylitis

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Abstract

Objective

Despite diffuse digital swelling, dactylitis may sometimes be asymptomatic. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and ultrasonographic features of symptomatic with asymptomatic psoriatic arthritis (PsA) dactylitis.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-five hand dactylitis were evaluated in a multicenter cross-sectional study for the presence of pain, subjective functional limitation, and tenderness (4-points scale) with the calculation of a Leeds Dactylitis Index (LDI) score. Fingers were subsequently investigated using high-frequency ultrasound (US) both in gray-scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD), for the presence and grading of flexor tenosynovitis, soft tissue edema, subcutaneous PD signal (PDUS), extensor tendon involvement, and joints synovitis. Clinical and US characteristics of symptomatic dactylitic fingers were compared with the asymptomatic dactylitic ones.

Results

Symptomatic fingers (n = 80) had a significantly lower dactylitis duration compared to asymptomatic fingers (n = 36) (p < 0.001). Values of LDI, patient VAS-pain, and VAS-functional score were significantly higher in fingers with symptomatic dactylitis (p < 0.001 and p = 0.010, respectively). Symptomatic dactylitis had a higher prevalence of flexor tenosynovitis of grade > 2, soft tissue edema and subcutaneous PDUS signal (p < 0.001). Asymptomatic dactylitis showed a greater prevalence of joint synovitis (both in GS and in PD) than symptomatic dactylitis (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Digital tenderness and pain are linked to US tenosynovitis of grade > 2 and extra synovial abnormalities and conversely asymptomatic dactylitis is associated with joint-based synovitis.

Key Points

• Digital tenderness and local pain in psoriatic arthritis dactylitis are strongly associated with flexor tenosynovitis of grade> 2, soft tissue edema, and subcutaneous PD signal.

• In psoriatic arthritis, asymptomatic dactylitis showed a greater prevalence of joint synovitis than symptomatic dactylitis.

• In psoriatic arthritis, ultrasound inflammatory abnormalities are present in about 70% of cold dactylitis which is linked for disease chronicity.

• In psoriatic arthritis, the flexor tendon and adjacent soft tissues play a significant role in symptomatic dactylitis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Nicolò Girolimetto, Luisa Costa, Rosario Peluso, Marco Tasso, Vittoria Bascherini, Raffaele Scarpa & Francesco Caso

  2. Department of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy

    Pierluigi Macchioni, Olga Addimanda, Niccolò Possemato & Carlo Salvarani

  3. Rheumatology Unit, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Negrar, Verona, Italy

    Ilaria Tinazzi & Antonio Marchetta

  4. Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy

    Carlo Salvarani

  5. NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust and the University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Dennis McGonagle

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  1. Nicolò Girolimetto
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Correspondence to Raffaele Scarpa.

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The study was approved by the local ethical Committee of the University Federico II, Naples, Italy (number approval 5/12), and was conducted in conformity with The Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

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Girolimetto, N., Macchioni, P., Tinazzi, I. et al. Predominant ultrasonographic extracapsular changes in symptomatic psoriatic dactylitis: results from a multicenter cross-sectional study comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic hand dactylitis. Clin Rheumatol 39, 1157–1165 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04683-2

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