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Oral bacterial colonization on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments: 6-month follow-up

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Abstract

Objective

This investigation aimed to characterize in a 6-month follow-up the microbial profile of implants restored with either titanium or zirconia abutments at the genus or higher taxonomic levels.

Methods

Twenty healthy individuals indicative for implant-retained single restorations were investigated. Half of participants were restored with titanium and half with zirconia abutments. Biofilm was collected from the implant-related sites after 1, 3, and 6 months of loading. The 16S rDNA genes were amplified and sequenced with Roche/454 platform.

Results

A total of 596 species were identified in 360 samples and grouped in 18 phyla and 104 genera. Titanium- or zirconia-related sites as well as teeth showed similar total numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) colonizing surfaces over time. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the most prevalent phyla with significant differences between different surfaces and time point. Unclassified genera were found in lower levels (1.71% up to 9.57%) on titanium and zirconia samples when compared with teeth, with no significant differences.

Conclusion

Titanium- and zirconia-related surfaces are promptly colonized by a bacterial community similar to those found in the remaining adjacent teeth. Results suggest a selective adhesion of different bacterial genotypes for either titanium or zirconia surfaces. Data also indicate a significant interaction between the relative effects taxa, time point, and sampling site.

Clinical relevance

The present study disclosed a wider spectrum of microorganisms colonizing either titanium- or zirconia-related microbiomes in very early stage of implant colonization, revealing differences and suggesting a probably specific mechanism for selective bacterial adhesion.

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Funding

The work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP—Process 2010/12830-0 and 2014/22876-8) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq—Process 457941/2014-6).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil

    Alice Ramos de Freitas, Thalisson Saymo de Oliveira Silva, Ricardo Faria Ribeiro, Rubens Ferreira de Albuquerque Junior, Vinícius Pedrazzi & Cássio do Nascimento

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  1. Alice Ramos de Freitas
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  2. Thalisson Saymo de Oliveira Silva
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  3. Ricardo Faria Ribeiro
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  4. Rubens Ferreira de Albuquerque Junior
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  5. Vinícius Pedrazzi
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  6. Cássio do Nascimento
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cássio do Nascimento.

Ethics declarations

Approval for surgery and sampling was obtained from the local Research Ethics Committee (CAAE 0066.0.138.000-10).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this investigation involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto Ethical Committee (Brazil) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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de Freitas, A.R., Silva, T.S.d., Ribeiro, R.F. et al. Oral bacterial colonization on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments: 6-month follow-up. Clin Oral Invest 22, 2335–2343 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2334-0

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