Abstract
Background
Indocyanine green video-angiography (ICG-V) is commonly used for intraoperative confirmation of aneurysm obliteration following clipping. However, direct puncture of the aneurysm wall occasionally results in blood leakage in patients for whom ICG-V has indicated complete closure. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the reliability of ICG-V for confirming complete aneurysm closure, and to elucidate the factors underlying aneurysm obliteration and the occurrence of false-negative ICG-V findings.
Methods
Between June 2012 and June 2016, 89 patients (107 aneurysms total) undergoing aneurysm clipping were examined using ICG-V to confirm aneurysm closure. In ICG-V-negative cases, further confirmation of complete aneurysm closure was obtained via direct puncture of the aneurysm wall, except in cases where this procedure was deemed unsafe. To elucidate the possible causes of ICG-V inaccuracies, positive, negative, and false-negative ICG-V findings were compared in terms of aneurysm location (maximum height and length), neck width (parallel and orthogonal directions to the branching vessels), wall thickness around the neck, bifurcation angle, and direction of the clipping closure line. Statistical analyses were performed using the Welsh’s t test and Chi-square test.
Results
Intraoperative ICG-V detected seven cases of incomplete aneurysm closure (6.5%), defined as positive ICG-V findings. Following direct aneurysm wall puncture, nine patients (8.4%) exhibited false-negative ICG-V findings. A Chi-square test revealed that false-negative ICG-V findings were significantly influenced by the presence of heterogeneous arteriosclerosis, and wall thickening at the clipping site, which were subjectively defined by the surgeon and confirmed by an independent observer, depending on the wall color and hardness, respectively.
Conclusions
Although ICG-V is useful for intraoperative confirmation of aneurysm obliteration, our findings further highlight the risk of false-negative ICG-V findings. Acknowledgement of risk factors is crucial for efficient detection of false-negative ICG-V findings.
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All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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Gekka, M., Nakayama, N., Uchino, H. et al. Factors influencing cerebral aneurysm obliteration and reliability of indocyanine green video-angiography. Acta Neurochir 160, 269–276 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3379-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3379-6