Abstract
Purpose
Intraspinal hematoma is a serious condition, and early diagnosis is necessary to permit emergency treatment. Among such hematomas, non-traumatic spinal subdural hematoma is a rare occurrence. We have experienced three patients with surgically proven subdural spinal hematoma, and here we report these cases with a review of their clinical and imaging characteristics.
Methods
All three cases were idiopathic with no history of disease, no coagulopathy, and no trauma. All had acute onset that brought about paralysis of the lower limbs with severe pain. Early surgery was performed, based on a relatively early diagnosis using thoracolumbar MRI and CT.
Results
Since the epidural fat is not affected by bleeding, the normal structure remains and the boundary between hematoma and fat is a significant feature in MRI and CT. Partial Gd enhancement in MRI and ring enhancement in contrast CT were also apparent. Two of the cases had subarachnoid hematomas.
Conclusions
Preoperative diagnosis of spinal subarachnoid hematoma is difficult because there are no specific radiological findings and confirmation can only occur intraoperatively. In particular, one case had a massive hematoma causing canal stenosis, and it was difficult to distinguish between intradural and extradural hematoma. In all cases of subarachnoid or subdural hematoma, decompression was performed within 24 h after onset, and consequently, the patients had relatively good outcomes.
References
Sasaji T, Shinagawa K, Matsuya S (2013) Spontaneous thoracic spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosed with brain computed tomography. Tohoku J Exp Med 231:139–144
Bruce-Brand RA, Colleran GC, Broderick JM, Lui DF, Smith EM, Kavanagh EC, Poynton AR (2013) Acute nontraumatic spinal intradural hematoma in a patient on warfarin. J Emerg Med 45:695–697
Russell NA, Benoit BG (1983) Spinal subdural hematoma. A review. Surg Neurol 20:133–137
Domenicucci M, Ramieri A, Ciappetta P, Delfini R (1999) Nontraumatic acute spinal subdural hematoma: report of five cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 91(1 Suppl):65–73
Walton JN (1953) Subarachnoid haemorrhage of unusual aetiology. Neurology 3:517–543
Kang HS, Chung CK, Kim HJ (2000) Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma with spontaneous resolution. Spinal Cord 38:192–196
Rader JP (1955) Chronic subdural hematoma of the spinal cord: report of a case. N Engl J Med 253:374–376
Swann KW, Ropper AH, New PF, Poletti CE (1984) Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hematoma. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 61:975–980
Yamada M, Hakogi T, Nakajima T, Hitora T, Kuroda T (2007) Idiopathic spinal subarachnoid hematoma: a case report. Seikeigeka 58:1449–1452 (in Japanese)
Tamura M, Saito M, Machida M, Shibasaki K (2004) A case of spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Seikei Saigaigeka Zasshi 47:1211–1215
Hausmann Kirsch E, Radü E, Mindermann TH, Gratzl O (2001) Coagulopathy induced spinal intradural extramedullary haematoma: report of three cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 143:135–140
Post MJ, Becerra JL, Madsen PW, Puckett W, Quencer RM, Bunge RP, Sklar EM (1994) Acute spinal subdural hematoma: MR and CT findings with pathologic correlates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 15:1895–1905
Visocchi M, La Rocca G, Signorelli F, Roselli R (2015) 10 Levels thoracic no-instrumented laminectomy for huge spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma removal. Report of the first case and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 15:57–62
Panciani PP, Forgnone S, Fontanella M, Ducati A, Lanotte M (2009) Unusual presentation of a spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma. Acta Neurol Belg 109:146–148
Oh SH, Han IB, Koo YH, Kim OJ (2009) Acute spinal subdural hematoma presenting with spontaneously resolving hemiplegia. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 45:390–393
Yamada K, Nakahara T, Yamamato K, Muranaka T, Ushio Y (2003) Nontraumatic spinal subdural haematoma occurring in a postpartum period. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 145:151–155
Panciani PP, Cornali C, Agnoletti A, Esposito G, Ronchetti G, Fontanella M (2013) Recovery after delayed surgery in a case of spinal subdural hematoma. Case Rep Neurol Med 310854. doi:10.1155/2013/310854 (Epub 2013 Jan 13)
Lenehan B, Fisher CG, Vaccaro A, Fehlings M, Aarabi B, Dvorak MF (2010) The urgency of surgical decompression in acute central cord injuries with spondylosis and without instability. Spine 35:S180–S186
Rahimi-Movaghar V, Haghnegahdar A, Niakan A, Omidvar A, Barzideh E, Baghban F, Jamali M, Mohebali N, Yazdanpanah H, Fallahi SM, Salimi Sotoudeh M, Sharifirad MR (2012) Primary report for a randomized controlled trial of traumatic spinal cord injured patients from T1 to L1: description of the surgical decompression in two groups of before 24 hours and 24–72 hours. J Inj Violence Res 4:27
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None of the authors have a conflict of interest with regard to the contents of the study. The study was approved by the ethical committee of our institution (IRB No. 354-3).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kobayashi, K., Imagama, S., Ando, K. et al. Acute non-traumatic idiopathic spinal subdural hematoma: radiographic findings and surgical results with a literature review. Eur Spine J 26, 2739–2743 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5013-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5013-y