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Academic achievement in children with chronic kidney disease: a report from the CKiD cohort

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Abstract

Background

There are limited data to describe academic achievement outcomes for children with mild to moderate pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of low academic achievement in patients with mild to moderate CKD.

Methods

Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Second Edition, Abbreviated (WIAT-II-A) data were collected at entry into the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. Achievement in basic reading, spelling, mathematics, and total achievement was evaluated with a focus on the effects of comorbid CKD-related variables, neurocognitive, and school-based characteristics on academic achievement.

Results

WIAT-II-A data were available for 319 children in the CKiD cohort. Low total academic achievement was present in 34% percent of the sample. There was no significant effect of CKD-related medical variables on academic achievement. Mathematics had the lowest distribution of achievement scores. In univariate models, low achievement was significantly related to days of missed school (p = 0.006) and presence of individualized education plan (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Low academic achievement was seen in over one-third of children with CKD, with the most difficulty observed in the domain of mathematics. Providers and educators should monitor for academic difficulties in this population in order to facilitate early educational assistance and promote positive educational outcomes.

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Acknowledgements

Data in this manuscript were collected by the CKiD prospective cohort study (CKiD) with clinical coordinating centers (Principal Investigators) at Children’s Mercy Hospital and the University of Missouri—Kansas City (Bradley Warady, MD) and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (Susan Furth, MD, PhD), Central Biochemistry Laboratory (George Schwartz, MD) at the University of Rochester Medical Center, and data coordinating center (Alvaro Muñoz, PhD) at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The CKID website is located at http://www.statepi.jhsph.edu/ckid.

Funding

CKiD is funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, with additional funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01-DK-66143, U01-DK-66174, U01DK-082194, U01-DK-66116). Dr. Harshman is funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1K23DK110443-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, 4037 Boyd Tower, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Lyndsay A. Harshman

  2. Division of Developmental and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Rebecca J. Johnson

  3. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Matthew B. Matheson

  4. Division of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Amy J. Kogon & Susan L. Furth

  5. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Amy J. Kogon & Susan L. Furth

  6. Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Shlomo Shinnar

  7. Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Shlomo Shinnar

  8. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Shlomo Shinnar

  9. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Arlene C. Gerson

  10. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Bradley A. Warady

  11. Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Stephen R. Hooper

Authors
  1. Lyndsay A. Harshman
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  2. Rebecca J. Johnson
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  3. Matthew B. Matheson
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  4. Amy J. Kogon
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  5. Shlomo Shinnar
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  6. Arlene C. Gerson
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  7. Bradley A. Warady
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  8. Susan L. Furth
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  9. Stephen R. Hooper
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lyndsay A. Harshman.

Ethics declarations

The CKiD protocol received approval from the Institutional Review Boards at each center.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Cite this article

Harshman, L.A., Johnson, R.J., Matheson, M.B. et al. Academic achievement in children with chronic kidney disease: a report from the CKiD cohort. Pediatr Nephrol 34, 689–696 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-018-4144-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-018-4144-7

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