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Immediate effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) administered during resistance exercise on pain intensity and physical performance of healthy subjects: a randomized clinical trial

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Abstract

Purpose

Exercise-induced muscle pain is a self-limiting condition which impacts physical activity habits. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) promotes pain reduction and functional improvement in different pain conditions. We propose that applying TENS during exercise might reduce pain and improve physical performance. Thus, we aimed to investigate immediate effects of TENS applied during resistance exercise.

Methods

Healthy subjects of both sexes, irregularly active or sedentary were assigned into two groups: active (n = 24) or placebo (n = 22) TENS. The study was conducted over five moments: on day 0, subjects were recruited, on day 1 subjects performed the one-repetition maximum test (1RM); 72 h later, on day 2, 1RM was retested; 48 h later, on day 3, TENS was applied during a functional-resisted exercise protocol for upper limbs (bench press and rowing), with an intensity of 80% of 1RM; and 24 h after, on day 4, subjects were reevaluated. Assessment included pain intensity at rest and with movement, pressure pain thresholds, and muscle fatigue.

Results

TENS did not reduce pain intensity when compared to placebo (p > 0.05). TENS reduce PPT in the latissmus dorsi: p = 0.02 and anterior tibialis: p = 0.04 in immediate reassessment. Immediate effects of TENS were significant for fatigue perception at rest (p = 0.01) and number of maximum repetitions during exercise sets, starting from the 5th set of rowing exercise (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Our results show that TENS did not reduce pain perception in healthy individuals, but its use induced increased muscle action, contributing to a greater fatigue perception.

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Abbreviations

1RM:

1 maximum repetition test

BMI:

Body mass index

CPM:

Conditioned pain modulation

DASH:

Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

DOMS:

Delayed-onset muscle soreness

HR:

Heart rate

IPAQ:

Physical activity questionnaire

ME:

Muscle endurance

MF:

Muscle fatigue

PAR-Q:

Physical activity readiness questionnaire

PI:

Pain intensity

PO:

Power output

PPT:

Pressure pain threshold

ReBEC:

Brazilian registry of clinical trials

RR:

Respiratory rate

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

SpO2 :

Peripheral oxygen saturation

ST:

Temporal summation

TENS:

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

TR:

Thermoregulation

NMDA:

N-metil-d-aspartato

NES:

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation

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Acknowledgements

MAM, TABP, AGRN and MEDSG conceived and designed the study. LMT, BTQL, LMSC conducted the experiment. MAM and JMDS performed data analysis. MAM wrote the manuscript. LVL and JMDS reviewed the manuscript. All authors agree with the final version of the manuscript.

Funding

No funding was received.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil

    Mayara A. Menezes, Thaís A. B. Pereira, Antônio G. R. Neto, Lucas V. Lima & Josimari M. DeSantana PhD

  2. Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil

    Marzo E. Da Silva-Grigolleto & Josimari M. DeSantana PhD

  3. Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil

    Leonardo M. Tavares, Belissa T. Q. Leite & Josimari M. DeSantana PhD

  4. Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil

    Leury M. S. Chaves & Marzo E. Da Silva-Grigolleto

  5. Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil

    Josimari M. DeSantana PhD

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  1. Mayara A. Menezes
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  2. Thaís A. B. Pereira
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Contributions

MAM, TABP, AGRN and MEDSG conceived and designed the study. LMT, BTQL, LMSC conducted the experiment. MAM and JMDS performed data analysis. MAM wrote the manuscript. LVL and JMDS reviewed the manuscript. All authors agree with the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Josimari M. DeSantana PhD.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Communicated by Bénédicte Schepens.

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Menezes, M.A., Pereira, T.A.B., Tavares, L.M. et al. Immediate effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) administered during resistance exercise on pain intensity and physical performance of healthy subjects: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 118, 1941–1958 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3919-7

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