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Wave intensity analysis in mice: age-related changes in WIA peaks and correlation with cardiac indexes

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Abstract

Mouse models are increasingly employed in the comprehension of cardiovascular disease. Wave Intensity Analysis (WIA) can provide information about the interaction between the vascular and the cardiac system. We investigate age-associated changes in WIA-derived parameters in mice and correlate them with biomarkers of cardiac function. Sixteen wild-type male mice were imaged with high-resolution ultrasound (US) at 8 weeks (T 0) and 25 weeks (T 1) of age. Carotid pulse wave velocity (PWV) was calculated from US images using the diameter–velocity loop and employed to evaluate WIA. Amplitudes of the first (W 1) and the second (W 2) local maxima, local minimum (W b) and the reflection index (RI = W b/W 1) were assessed. Cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS) and stroke volume (SV) were evaluated; longitudinal, radial and circumferential strain and strain rate values (LS, LSR, RS, RSR, CS, CSR) were obtained through strain analysis. W 1 (T 0: 4.42e-07 ± 2.32e-07 m2/s; T 1: 2.21e-07 ± 9.77 m2/s), W 2 (T 0: 2.45e-08 ± 9.63e-09 m2/s; T 1: 1.78e-08 ± 7.82 m2/s), W b (T 0: −8.75e-08 ± 5.45e-08 m2/s; T 1: −4.28e-08 ± 2.22e-08 m2/s), CO (T 0: 19.27 ± 4.33 ml/min; T 1: 16.71 ± 2.88 ml/min), LS (T 0: 17.55 ± 3.67%; T 1: 15.05 ± 2.89%), LSR (T 0: 6.02 ± 1.39 s−1; T 1: 5.02 ± 1.25 s−1), CS (T 0: 27.5 ± 5.18%; T 1: 22.66 ± 3.09%) and CSR (T 0: 10.03 ± 2.55 s−1; T 1: 7.50 ± 1.84 s−1) significantly reduced with age. W 1 was significantly correlated with CO (R = 0.58), EF (R = 0.72), LS (R = 0.65), LSR (R = 0.89), CS (R = 0.61), CSR (R = 0.70) at T 0; correlations were lost at T 1. The decrease in W 1 and W 2 suggests a cardiac performance reduction, while that in Wb, considering unchanged RI, might indicate a wave energy decrease. The loss of correlation between WIA-derived and cardiac parameters might reflect an alteration in cardiovascular interaction.

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Abbreviations

RelD:

Relative distension

PWV:

Pulse wave velocity

LVmass:

Left ventricular mass

CO:

Cardiac output

FS:

Fractional shortening

SV:

Stroke volume

EF:

Ejection fraction

gLS:

Global longitudinal strain

gLSR:

Global longitudinal strain rate

gRS:

Global radial strain

gRSR:

Global radial strain rate

gCS:

Global circumferential strain

gCSR:

Global circumferential strain rate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy

    Nicole Di Lascio

  2. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Nicole Di Lascio, Claudia Kusmic, Francesco Stea & Francesco Faita

  3. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Francesco Stea

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  1. Nicole Di Lascio
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  2. Claudia Kusmic
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  4. Francesco Faita
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Correspondence to Nicole Di Lascio.

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Di Lascio, N., Kusmic, C., Stea, F. et al. Wave intensity analysis in mice: age-related changes in WIA peaks and correlation with cardiac indexes. Heart Vessels 32, 474–483 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-016-0914-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-016-0914-y

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