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Diagnostik und Therapie der Pierre-Robin-Sequenz

Diagnostics and therapy of the Pierre Robin sequence

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Zusammenfassung

Als Pierre-Robin-Sequenz (PRS) wird die Kombination aus einem zu kleinen und/oder zurückliegenden Unterkiefer mit zurückfallender Zunge (Glossoptose) und daraus resultierender obstruktiver Atmungsstörung bezeichnet. Unbehandelt kann die Atmungsstörung zu intermittierenden Hypoxämien mit schlechtem Gedeihen und Cor pulmonale führen. Deshalb muss die PRS frühzeitig klinisch erkannt und das Ausmaß der Atmungsstörung im Schlaflabor festgestellt werden. Aufgrund bis vor kurzem fehlender nichtinvasiver Alternativen kommen bis heute im Säuglingsalter verschiedene chirurgische Therapieverfahren wie Glossopexie, Unterkiefer-Drahtextension oder Osteodistraktion zum Einsatz. In einem geprüften interdisziplinären nichtinvasiven Behandlungskonzept wird eine individuell angepasste Gaumenplatte mit Sporn (engl.: „pre-epiglottic baton plate“) angepasst, mit der die obstruktive Atmungsstörung therapiert und die Unterkieferentwicklung gefördert wird. Bei adäquater Behandlung können Kinder mit isolierter PRS eine normale Entwicklung zeigen, bei syndromassoziierter PRS ist die Prognose abhängig von den Begleiterkrankungen.

Abstract

The Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) describes the combination of mandibular micrognathia and/or retrognathia with glossoptosis resulting in upper airway obstruction. If untreated complications such as failure to thrive, chronic hypoxemia and cor pulmonale may occur. Hence, PRS should be diagnosed early and the expression as well as severity of the breathing disorder assessed in a sleep laboratory. Because non-invasive alternatives have been lacking until recently, surgical interventions, such as glossopexy, wire extension and osteodistraction of the mandible are still widely used in infants. In a validated interdisciplinary non-invasive treatment protocol, a custom-made palatal plate with a velar extension (i.e. pre-epiglottic baton plate) which removes the airway obstruction and supports mandibular growth is used. Treated appropriately, children with isolated PRS show normal development whereas in syndrome-associated PRS the prognosis depends on the underlying diagnosis.

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Correspondence to C.F. Poets.

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Anmerkung: An der Klinik der Autoren wird ein 1-jähriges Gastarztprogramm zum Erlernen des hier vorgestellten Therapiekonzepts angeboten.

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Linz, A., Bacher, M., Urschitz, M. et al. Diagnostik und Therapie der Pierre-Robin-Sequenz. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 159, 1228–1233 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-011-2458-7

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