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Die Bedeutung der beweglichen Aeromonaden als Krankheitserreger für den Menschen

The importance of aeromonads as a human pathogen

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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Gattung Aeromonas gehört mit 14 Phänospezies und 17 Genomospezies zur Familie der Aeromonadaceae innerhalb der Ordnung Aeromonadales. Es sind gramnegative, oxidasepositive, fakultativ anaerobe und glukosefermentierende stäbchenförmige Bakterien. Sie kommen ubiquitär in der aquatischen Umwelt vor und können aus dem Süß-, Brack und Meerwasser isoliert werden. Im Wasser mit einer hohen organischen Fracht können sie in hohen Konzentrationen vorkommen, besonders in der warmen Jahreszeit bei höheren Temperaturen. Abwässer stellen eine wichtige Quelle für den Eintrag von Aeromonaden in die Gewässer dar. Mesophile Aeromonaden werden regelmäßig in hoher Anzahl von frischen oder verarbeiteten Lebensmitteln isoliert (z. B. A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. veronii), wie z. B. rohem Fleisch, Fischen, Meeresfrüchten oder Gemüse. Sie können bei Menschen über die Nahrung einschließlich Trinkwasser Gastroenteritiden, bei Kontakt mit kontaminiertem Wasser Wundinfektionen oder andere extraintestinale Infektionen (Sepsis, Peritonitis, Meningitis) hervorrufen. Im Gegensatz zu den Gastroenteritiden können extraintestinale Infektionen zu einem fatalen Ausgang führen. Eine Aeromonas-Sepsis entsteht in den meisten Fällen sekundär aufgrund einer Gastroenteritis oder Wundinfektion und geht mit einer hohen Mortalität einher. Für die Schwere und den Ausgang der Erkrankung spielen Grunderkrankungen, wie z. B. eine Leberzirrhose oder Immunsuppression, eine bedeutende Rolle.

Abstract

The genus Aeromonas belongs to the family Aeromonadaceae of the order Aeromonadales and consists of 14 phenospecies and 17 genomospecies. They are gram-negative, oxidase-positive, facultatively anaerobic and glucose-fermenting rods. Members of the mesophilic genus Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and can be isolated from fresh, brackish and marine water. In nutrient-enriched waters they can attain large populations, particularly in the warm seasons at higher temperatures. Sewage effluents are also a major allochthonous source of the mesophilic aeromonads in the aquatic environment. Organisms of the mesophilic aeromonads also occur in fresh and processed foods, often in very high numbers. They have been isolated from a wide range of both animal and plant food, including raw red meat, fish, seafood or vegetables. This reflects undoubtedly the contact of that food with contaminated water. Species of Aeromonas (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. veronii) have been shown to be associated with food borne gastroenteritis, with wound infections acquired via water or with sepsis, peritonitis or meningitis. Unlike gastroenteritis, these infections can have fatal or serious debilitating outcomes. Aeromonas sepsis generally arises secondary to gastroenteritis or wound infection and is associated with high mortality rates. Underlying diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis, or immunsuppressive states also play a major role in the acquisition and outcome of these infections.

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  1. Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin, BRD

    R. P. Pund

  2. Universitätsklinikum Essen, BRD

    D. Theegarten

  3. Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277, Berlin, BRD

    R. P. Pund

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Pund, R.P., Theegarten, D. Die Bedeutung der beweglichen Aeromonaden als Krankheitserreger für den Menschen. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 51, 569–576 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-008-0531-8

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