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Laterale Supramalleolarlappenplastiken zur Defektdeckung im Sprunggelenks- und Fußbereich

Lateral supramalleolar flaps for reconstruction in the ankle and foot

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Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Operationsziel

Defektrekonstruktion durch Transposition von gut vaskularisierter, dünner Haut.

Indikationen

Defektdeckung im Bereich des distalen antero- und dorsolateralen Unterschenkeldrittels, des dorsolateralen und -medialen Rückfußes und des dorsalen Mittelfußes.

Kontraindikationen

Schwere periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK), Trauma im Bereich der lateralen Sprunggelenksgegend und des dorsolateralen Rückfußes (präoperative Doppleruntersuchung obligat).

Operationstechnik

Laterale fasziokutane Supramalleolarlappenplastik mit orthrogradem Blutfluss, laterale fasziokutane Supramalleolarperforatorlappenplastik mit orthrogradem Blutfluss, laterale faszioadipöse Supramalleolarlappenplastik mit orthrogradem Blutfluss, laterale fasziokutane Supramalleolarlappenplastik mit retrogradem Blutfluss über die laterale prämalleolare Gefäßachse (A.-tarsalis-lateralis-Insellappenplastik), laterale fasziokutane Supramalleolarlappenplastik mit retrogradem Blutfluss über die anteriore prämalleolare Gefäßachse (A.-malleolaris-anterior-lateralis-Lappenplastik nach Oberlin).

Weiterbehandlung

Überknüpfverband („Tie over“) für 5 Tage (Anwachsen des Hauttransplantats), vollständige Immobilisation für 7 Tage in dorsaler Unterschenkelgipsschiene (Cave: kein Druck auf Lappen), progressiver Bewegungsaufbau nach 7 Tagen, postoperative standardisierte Kompressionstherapie evtl. kombiniert mit Narbentherapie (Silikon-Sheet).

Ergebnisse

Zuverlässige, ausgezeichnete funktionelle und ästhetische Ergebnisse bei dünner Haut und kleinen bis mittelgroßen Defekten. Deutliche Zunahme der Morbidität im Spendergebiet bei großen Lappenplastiken und Exposition des N. peroneus superficialis (Neuromgefahr).

Abstract

Objective

Defect reconstruction by transposition of well-vascularized thin and pliable skin.

Indications

Defect coverage involving the antero- and dorsolateral distal one third of the lower leg, the dorsolateral and dorsomedial hindfoot and dorsal midfoot.

Contraindications

Severe peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), previous trauma at the anterolateral aspect of the lower leg and foot.

Surgical technique

Lateral fasciocutaneous supramalleolar flap with orthograde blood flow, fasciocutaneous lateral supramalleolar perforator flap with orthograde blood flow, adipofascial lateral supramalleolar flap with orthograde blood flow, lateral fasciocutaneous supramalleolar flap based on the lateral tarsal artery with retrograde blood flow, lateral fasciocutaneous supramalleolar flap based on the anterolateral malleolar artery with retrograde blood flow according to Oberlin.

Postoperative management

“Tie over” dressing for grafting site for 5 days (healing of split/full-thickness skin graft), complete immobilization of the lower leg for 7 days in a dorsal plaster splint (ensure that there is no pressure on the flap), progressive increase of range of motion after 1 week, postoperative standardized compression therapy, combined with scar therapy (silicone sheet).

Results

Reliable, excellent functional and aesthetic results with thin skin in small to midsize defects. Increasing morbidity of grafting site in larger flaps and risk of neuroma when the superficial peroneal nerve was exposed.

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Correspondence to E.L. Hierner.

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Hierner, E., Corterier, C. & Hierner, R. Laterale Supramalleolarlappenplastiken zur Defektdeckung im Sprunggelenks- und Fußbereich. Oper Orthop Traumatol 25, 122–130 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-012-0199-y

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