Abstract
This review surveys the findings of the International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial and puts them into a clinical perspective regarding its effect of the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) as a well-validated gatekeeper for invasive angiography and myocardial revascularization. Noninvasive stress testing of patients with intermediate-to-high pretest likelihood for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) using perfusion CMR provides excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting ischemic myocardium, and additional information from tissue characterization can guide the management of patients with stable angina toward a more individualized therapy as other non-coronary underlying causes of chest pain can be detected. Since ISCHEMIA failed to show that an invasive strategy using percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with an improved prognosis compared with initial conservative medical therapy among stable patients with moderate-to-severe ischemia, CMR as a multifaceted diagnostic imaging approach to explain patients’ symptoms should be preferred over anatomical and stress testing alone. Nevertheless, the exclusion of left main coronary artery stenosis either by coronary CT or MR angiography may be required. In conclusion, the results of the ISCHEMIA trial are in good accordance with those of the MR-INFORM trial recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, as the noninvasive management of a large proportion of patients with CAD was shown to be noninferior to current invasive strategies. Recent outcome data from trials may therefore have an impact on future guidelines to further reduce the execution of unnecessary left heart catheterizations.
Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel werden die Ergebnisse der ISCHEMIA-Studie (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) genauer betrachtet und die daraus entstehenden Konsequenzen für die Kardio-Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) als gut validiertem Gatekeeper für die invasive Angiographie und die myokardiale Revaskularisation aus klinischer Perspektive diskutiert. Der nichtinvasive Stresstest unter Verwendung der Perfusions-MRT bietet eine ausgezeichnete diagnostische Genauigkeit zum Nachweis von ischämischem Myokard bei Patienten mit mittlerer bis hoher Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit für eine stenosierende koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK). Zusätzliche Informationen aus der Gewebecharakterisierung können bei Patienten mit stabiler Angina pectoris zu einer individualisierteren Therapie führen, da weitere zugrunde liegende Ursachen für Brustschmerzen erkannt werden können. Da sich in der ISCHEMIA-Studie nicht nachweisen ließ, dass eine invasive Strategie mit perkutaner Koronarintervention oder Bypassoperation der Koronararterien mit einer verbesserten Prognose im Vergleich zur konservativen medizinischen Therapie bei stabilen Patienten mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer Ischämie verbunden war, sollte die Kardio-MRT als vielschichtiges diagnostisches Bildgebungsverfahren gegenüber den rein anatomischen und Belastungsuntersuchungen bevorzugt werden, um die Symptome von Patienten zu erklären. Möglicherweise muss zusätzlich der Ausschluss einer Stenose im linken Hauptstamm entweder durch Koronar-CT oder MR-Angiographie durchgeführt werden. Fazit ist, dass die Ergebnisse der ISCHEMIA-Studie gut mit denen der kürzlich im New England Journal of Medicine veröffentlichten MR-INFORM-Studie übereinstimmen, da das nichtinvasive Management den derzeitigen invasiven Strategien bei einem Großteil von Patienten mit KHK nicht unterlegen war. Die aktuellen Daten aus Outcome-Studien können daher Auswirkungen auf zukünftige Richtlinien haben, um die Durchführung unnötiger Linksherzkatheteruntersuchungen weiter zu reduzieren.
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01 July 2020
In the above mentioned article, the family name of the second author was not given correctly: it is Carerj instead of Careri.
The authors apologize for this mistake.
The original article has been …
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E. Nagel received grant support from Bayer AG and speaker fees from Bayer AG. C.T. Arendt received a “Rotation Grant” from the DZHK. L. Careri and V.O. Puntmann declare that they have no competing interests.
For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies performed were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.
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The original version of this article was revised: In this article, the family name of the second author was not given correctly: it is Carerj instead of Careri. The authors apologize for this mistake.
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Nagel, E., Carerj, M.L., Arendt, C.T. et al. After ISCHEMIA: Is cardiac MRI a reliable gatekeeper for invasive angiography and myocardial revascularization?. Herz 45, 446–452 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-020-04936-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-020-04936-w