Skip to main content
Log in

Serial evaluation of hepatic function profile after Fontan operation

Serielle Untersuchung der Leberfunktion nach Fontan-Operation

  • Original article
  • Published:
Herz Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Moderate persistent elevation of the γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT) level is a frequent finding during long-term follow-up of patients with total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) for palliation of functionally univentricular hearts. Serial intraindividual data revealed a significant increase in the γGT level within a minimum 4-year interval in more than 80 % of cases. The level of γGT elevation showed a significant correlation to hemodynamic parameters such as systemic ventricular end diastolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure, but did not strongly correlate with duration of follow-up or other liver function parameters, which were less frequent and less impressively deranged. None of the patients had signs of synthetic dysfunction. With increasing postoperative follow-up, abnormalities of sonographic hepatic texture including increased echogenicity, inhomogeneity, or liver surface nodularity were found. All 17 patients with liver surface nodularity had a follow-up period of over 10 years. Structural abnormalities did not correlate with biochemical or hemodynamic parameters. Doppler evaluation revealed inspiratory dependence of hepatic vein flow in more than 90 % as a relevant finding after TCPC; a decrease in portal vein flow velocity was observed in many patients. Since long-term survivors after Fontan procedure are at an increased risk of cardiac hepatopathy and cirrhosis, detailed routine investigation and monitoring of hepatic morphology are needed.

Zusammenfassung

Eine mäßige Erhöhung der y-Glutamyltransferase (yGT) findet sich häufig im Langzeitverlauf bei Patienten mit totaler kavopulmonaler Anastomose. Im intraindividuellen Verlauf zeigt sich innerhalb von mindestens 4 Jahren ein signifikanter Anstieg bei mehr als 80 %. Es besteht eine Korrelation zu hämodynamischen Parametern wie dem systemventrikulären enddiastolischen Druck und mittleren Pulmonalarteriendruck, nicht jedoch zur Nachbeobachtungsdauer oder anderen Leberfunktionsparametern, die insgesamt nur leichte Veränderungen aufwiesen. Eine Störung der Syntheseleistung bestand bei keinem Patienten. Mit zunehmender Nachbeobachtungsdauer zeigen sich Veränderungen der Lebertextur mit erhöhter Echogenität, Inhomogenität und unregelmäßiger, nodulärer Leberoberfläche. Alle 17 Patienten mit knotig veränderter Leberoberfläche wiesen eine Nachbeobachtungsdauer von über 10 Jahren auf. Strukturelle Leberveränderungen korrelierten nicht mit Leberfunktionstests oder hämodynamischen Parametern. Dopplersonographisch ist der Lebervenenrückstrom bei über 90 % durch eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von der Inspiration gekennzeichnet. Veränderungen des Pfortaderflusses und eine Abnahme der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit sind häufig. Da im Langzeitverlauf nach einer Fontan-Operation das Risiko der Entwicklung einer kardialen Hepatopathie und Zirrhose besteht, sind regelmäßige Untersuchungen zur Beurteilung der Leberfunktion und Struktur unerlässlich.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

  1. Freedom RM, Hamilton R, Yoo SJ et al (2002) The Fontan procedure: analysis of cohorts and late complications. Cardiol Young 10:307–331

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kaulitz R, Luhmer I, Bergmann F et al (1997) Sequelae after modified Fontan operation: postoperative haemodynamic data and organ function. Heart 78:154–159

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Stamm C, Friehs I, Mayer JE et al (2001) Long-term results of the lateral tunnel Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121:28–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Tatum GZ, Sigfusson G, Ettedgul JA et al (2006) Pulmonary artery growth fails to match the increase in body surface area after the Fontan operation. Heart 92:511–514

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Camposilvan S, Milanesi O, Stellin G et al (2008) Liver and cardiac function in the long term after Fontan operation. Ann Thorac Surg 86:177–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Arisawa J, Morimoto S, Ikezoe J et al (1993) Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic assessment of portal venous flow pattern in patients after the Fontan operation. Br Heart J 69:41–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hsia T, Khambadkone S, Redington AN et al (2000) Effects of respiration and gravity on infradiaphragmatic venous flow in normal and Fontan patients. Circulation 102:148–153

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rychik J, Veldtman G, Rand E et al (2012) The precarious state of the liver after a Fontan operation: summary of a multidisciplinary symposium. Pediatr Cardiol (Epub ahead of print)

  9. Chaloupecky V, Svobodova I, Hadacova I et al (2005) Coagulation profile and liver function in 102 patients after total cavopulmonary connection at mid term follow up. Heart 91:73–79

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ghaferei AA, Hutchins GM (2005) Progression of liver pathology in patients undergoing the Fontan procedure: chronic passive congestion, cardiac cirrhosis, hepatic adenoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 129:1348–1352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kiesewetter CH, Sheron N, Vettukattill JJ et al (2007) Hepatic changes in the failing Fontan circulation. Heart 93:579–584

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Schwartz MC, Sullivan LM, Glatz AC et al (2012) Portal and sinusoidal fibrosis are common on liver biopsy after Fontan surgery. Pediatr Cardiol (Epub ahead of print)

  13. Afdhal NH, Nunes D (2004) Evaluation of liver fibrosis: a concise review. Am J Gastroenterol 99:1160–1174

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Grigorescu M (2006) Noninvasive biochemical markers of liver fibrosis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 15:149–159

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Khanna G, Bhalla S, Krishnamurthy R et al (2012) Extracardiac complications of the Fontan circuit. Pediatr Radiol 42:233–241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Wu FM, Ukomadu C, Odze RD et al (2011) Liver disease in the patient with Fontan circulation. Congenit Heart Dis 6:190–201

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Narkewicz MR, Sondheimer H, Ziegler JW et al (2003) Hepatic function following Fontan procedure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 36:352–357

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ambrosy AP, Vaduganathan M, Huffman MD et al (2012) Clinical course and predictive value of liver function tests in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: an analysis of the EVEREST trial. Eur J Heart Fail 14:302–311

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Friedrich-Rust M, Koch C, Rentzsch A, Sarrazin C et al (2008) Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with Fontan circulation using transient elastography and biochemical markers. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 135:560–567

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ratziu V, Charlotte F, Heurtier A et al (2005) Sampling variability of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 128:1898–1906

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Furukawa T, Akimoto K, Ohtsuki M et al (2011) Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients after the Fontan operation. Pediatr Int 53:980–984

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ewe SH, Tan JL (2009) Hepatocellular carcinoma—a rare complication post Fontan operation. Congenit Heart Dis 4:103–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Perisic M, Ilic-Mostic T, Stojkovic M et al (2005) Doppler hemodynamic study in portal hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatogastroenterology 52:156–160

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Baik SK, Kim JW, Kim HS et al (2006) Recent variceal bleeding: Doppler US hepatic vein waveform in assessment of severity of portal hypertension and vasoactive drug response. Radiology 240:574–580

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Kaulitz MD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kaulitz, R., Haber, P., Sturm, E. et al. Serial evaluation of hepatic function profile after Fontan operation. Herz 39, 98–104 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-013-3811-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-013-3811-5

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation