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The biological functions and clinical applications of exosomes in lung cancer

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Abstract

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the high incidence rates are worrisome. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles secreted by most cells, including RNAs, proteins and lipids. Exosomes can mediate cell-to-cell communication in both physiologic and pathologic processes. Accumulated evidences show that cancer-derived exosomes aid in the recruitment and reprogramming of constituents correlated with tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, exosome-based clinical trials have been completed in advanced lung cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the roles of exosomes in a lung cancer microenvironment, such as its participation in lung cancer initiation, progression and metastasis as well as being involved in angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune escape, and drug resistance. In addition, we focus on the potential of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer, as well as the challenges faced by and advantages of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles and in exosome-based immunotherapy.

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 81472124, 81774291 to Yongchun Yu, and 81573890 to Jianli Sun).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China

    Rui Chen, Xin Xu, Zijun Qian, Congcong Zhang, Yongjie Niu, Zhixian Wang & Yongchun Yu

  2. Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China

    Xiao Zhang & Yongchun Yu

  3. Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Jianli Sun

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  1. Rui Chen
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  2. Xin Xu
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Chen, R., Xu, X., Qian, Z. et al. The biological functions and clinical applications of exosomes in lung cancer. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 76, 4613–4633 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03233-y

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