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Tissue damage at the injection site after intramuscular injection of drugs

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Abstract

Tissue damage at the injection site has been described after intramuscular injection of antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, vitamins, lidocaine, diazepam and digoxin in dogs, swine, cows, sheep and hens.

The damage caused by substances commonly used in drug vehicles has also been examined and compared with the effects of saline and distilled, sterile water. After intramuscular injection of saline or sterile water little or no tissue reaction has been observed, while vehicles containing glycerol formal or propylene glycol caused damage to muscle tissue.

The investigations show that both the drug itself and the vehicles may cause tissue damage. In the development of drug preparations for intramuscular administration, which cause minimal tissue damage, it is therefore important to consider all the components of the preparation.

From the point of view of international collaboration it will be of great importance that standard methods are generally accepted for the evaluation of new drugs and for the estimation and prediction of tissue damage after their intramuscular injection.

Kurzfassung

Gewebeschäden an der Injektionsstelle liessen sich nach der intramuskulären Verabreichung von u. a. Antibiotika, chemotherapeutischen Erzeugnissen, Vitaminpräparaten, Lidokain, Diazepam und Digoxin bei Hunden, Schweinen, Kühen, Schafen oder Hühnern feststellen.

Dabei wurde die irritierende Wirkung der üblicherweise in den Bindemitteln enthaltenen Substanzen untersucht und mit der Wirkung von salinem und destilliertem, sterilem Wasser verglichen. Bindemittel, die Formalglyzerin oder Propylenglykol enthalten, verursachten eine Schädigung des Muskelgewebes.

Die erwähnten Untersuchungen ergaben, dass sowohl das Medikament selbst, als auch das Bindemittel Gewebeschäden hervorrufen können. Daher ist bei der Entwicklung von Arzneimitteln, deren gewebeschädigende Wirkung bei intramuskulärer Verabreichung minimal sein soll, darauf zu achten, dass alle Bestandteile des Präparates geprüft werden.

Für eine internationale Zusammenarbeit dürfte es von grosser Bedeutung sein, dass die unterschiedlichen Bewertungsmethoden für neue Medikamente allgemeingültig festgelegt werden; dies gilt auch für die Einschätzung oder vorherige Bestimmung der lokalen Schädigung durch die intramuskuläre Injektion.

Resume

L'effet de lésion tissulaire au point d'injection a été décrit après l'injection intramusculaire d'antibiotiques, de chimiothérapeutiques, de vitamines, lidocaine, diazepam et digoxine chez des chiens, porcs, moutons ou poules. L'effet d'irritation des substances communément utilisées dans les excipients a été examiné et comparé à l'effet de l'eau salée et distillée ou de l'eau sterile. Les excipients contenant du glycérol formaldéhyde ou du propylène glycol ont provoqué des lésions du tissu musculaire.

Les études citées révèlent que le médicament lui-même comme les excipients peuvent provoquer des lésions tissulaires. Aussi fautil tenir compte, pour la mise au point de préparations pharmaceutiques pour l'administration par voie intramusculaire ne causant qu'une lésion minimale des tissus, de tous les composants entrant dans la préparation.

Du point de vue de la collaboration internationale, il sera très important que les différentes méthodes d'évaluation des nouveaux médicaments soient unanimement acceptées ainsi que les méthodes utilisées pour l'estimation ou la prédiction de lésions locales après injection intramusculaire.

Riassunto

Viene descritta l'azione lesiva osservata nei tessuti nel punto di inoculazione per via intramuscolare dei farmaci per uso veterinario, quali antibiotici, chemioterapici, vitamine, lidocaina, diazepam e digoxin. Le osservazioni sono state eseguite su cani, suini, bovini, ovini, o polli.

L'effetto irritante di sostanze d'uso comune in eccipienti farmaceutici è stato confrontato con l'effetto dell'acqua distillata sterile e della soluzione fisiologica, pure sterile.

Gli eccipienti contenenti glicerina o glicole propilenico hanno provocato lesioni nel tessuto muscolare. Dalle indagini descritte appare evidente che sia il farmaco che gli eccipienti possono provecare danni ai tessuti. Pertanto, al fine di migliorare i preparati farmaceutici per somministrazione intramuscolare che possono provocare lesioni anche minime nei tessuti, è importante prendere in considerazione tutti i componenti dei preparati stessi.

Dal punto di vista di una collaborazione internazionale, è di grande importanza che i vari metodi di esame dei nuovi farmaci siano unanimente accettati, compresi i metodi untilizzati per l'esame e la prevenzione dei danni locali conseguenti alla inoculazione per via intramuscolare.

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Rasmussen, F. Tissue damage at the injection site after intramuscular injection of drugs. Vet Res Commun 2, 173–182 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291447

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